Vocabulary exercises

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 390.

Vocabulary

1) abruptly; 2) accrue; 3) acquire; 4) amply; 5) animate; 6) approximately; 7) assets; 8) bailout; 9) benefit; 10) charged with; 11) collapse; 12) complicated; 13) consequent; 14) constraint; 15) contradictory; 16) convict; 17) curtail; 18) deal, dealer, dealership; 19) debacle; 20) debt, debt outstanding; 21) decrease; 22) default; 23) defy; 24) deposit; 25) dividends; 26) dwell on; 27) emergency; 28) error; 29) estimate; 30) exceed; 31) failure; 32) fiscal; 33) fixtures; 34) fraud; 35) fudge numbers; 36) grievous; 37) guarantee; 38) hamper; 39) inconsistent; 40) increase; 41) insurance; 42) loan; 43) long-term; 44) losses; 45) mess; 46) mortgage; 47) neglect; 48) oust; 49) outcome; 50) perverse; 51) predicament; 52) prevent; 53)prodigal; 54) profit; 55) real estate; 56) reduce; 57) recession; 58) restraint; 59) restriction; 60) revenue; 61) revitalize; 62) rural; 63) salvage; 64) save, savings; 65) seize; 66) short-term; 67) slump; 68) smoothly; 69) solution; 70) subsidiary; 71) surplus; 72) tanning parlor; 73) target; 74) thrift; 75) titillating; 76) tot up; 77) transfer; 78) urban; 79) urgent; 80) venture; 81) virtue; 82) withdraw (money)

Exercise 1.Find the Russian equivalent

1) collect money over the counter; 2) real estate and fixtures; 3) to pour money into one's pocket; 4) high interest rate; 5) to pass on the bill to taxpayers; 6) to hit the jackpot; 7) majority whip; 8) titillating “people” story; 9) to grapple with a question of; 10) the cost defies comprehension; 11) to resort to deficit spending; 12) tax revenues; 13) to “crowd out” private investment competing for the same dollar; 14) to tip the scales towards default; 15) rules of thumb are simpler than steering complex calculations; 16) to run up a mess of deficit; 17) to sort out the mess; 18) to recall the boom-and-bust policy; 19) well-intentioned budget rules; 20) hang on a second

Exercise 2.Find the English equivalents

1) извлекать прибыль; 2) терпеть убытки; 3) осложнение, затруднение; 4) под 10 %; 5) самая болезненная законодательная ошибка; 6) многочисленные счета; 7) вкладчик; 8) высокопродуктивный; 9) быстро окупаемый; 10) противоречие; 11) последствие; 12) застраховать на … (сумма); 13) приговор; 14) выгодный; 15) убыточный; 16) рьяные защитники дефицита бюджета; 17) лихорадочно искать; 18) неуплата долгов; 19) обслуживать долг; 20) первостепенные нужды

Exercise 3.Paraphrase the sentences, using synonyms (several, where possible) to the underlined words

1. Mismanagement and fraud led to the firm's collapse. 2. Our goal is getting benefit. 3. Last year they achieved brilliant results. 4. It will be your daughter company. 5. Recently we have got new partners. 6. She is in a complicated situation. 7. What's the size of the Government's guarantee of the industry? 8. The project ignores compensation for fraud. 9. It's the most terrible mistake in your economic policy. 10. It was an industry dealing with people's savings. 11. She wastes too much. 12. I want to take $2000 from my banking account. 13. They will be trying their best to animate the production. 14. Banks invest in productive industries. 15. A solarium is high-return business. 16. Who contributed into the disorder in the real estate market? 17. It was contradictory with the local administration policy. 18. Why will he be charged withhampering Federal regulators? 19. Are we inclined to reduce investing ventures? 20. The whole business is facing a catastrophe in the nearest future. 21. It is business but not an exiting love-story. 22. How long have you been trying to save the business, which is surely doomed to failure? 23. The system of paying back deposits is beyond my understanding. 24. What does balancing budgets depend upon? 25. The company was accused of default of debts' repaying. 26. Summing up all the for and against reasons, they decided that there had to be no economic restrictions. 27. In this case financial restraint is an advantage. 28. Fixed purpose for government's accounts is the best decision. 29. Out of my way! It is an emergency! 30. Tax collection is particularly painful during economic recession. 31. Fudging the numbers is a perverse result of well-intentioned budget rules. 32. Wait a minute!

Exercise 4.Give opposites (all possible variants) to the underlined words in the sentences

1. He has no problems. 2. The amount of the loan is exactly the same. 3. Should we take it into consideration? 4. Your manager has always been extremely prodigal. 5. Who withdrew a thousand bucks from my banking account? 6. The industry must have been destroyed. 7. The production is very beneficial. 8. The company's finances are perfectly in order. 9. Consequent measures are always taken by inexperienced managers as a reply to serious crisis. 10. Is he still helping the inspectors to find the fraud? 11. They increased risky loans. 12. It's urban America that provides food for the whole country. 13. Are they vigorous defenders of budget deficit? 14. Legitimate functions of the government are covered badly. 15. Changes in fiscal policies do not happen smoothly. 16. They are still refusing to pay the debts back.

Exercise 5.Insert prepositions, where necessary

1. What can we purchase … all that money of yours? 2. Has he been convicted … some economic crime? 3. They don't have a monopoly … computer equipment production. 4. What amount will we estimate their losses…? 5. How much are you paying us … dividends? 6. The bill should not have been passed … taxpayers. 7. She did not intend to bail … the enterprise. 8. The funds are partially wasted … mismanagement. 9. It is against the law to pay additional money … taxes. 10. They might have already been limited … the rates they had been able to pay. 11. Does it really fit … the free-market philosophy? 12. She was charged … hampering tax inspectors. 13. The effective government balances the budget … the economic cycle. 14. Who thinks … resorting … deficit spending? 15. What benefit is to be accrued … this amount of money? 16. How much does the Government carry … debt? 17. A surplus can provide … future deficit. 18. You are still running … a mess of default. 19. Women always face … an urgent need … spending.

Exercise 6.React to the statements using the content of the texts and the vocabulary in the form of 5-7 sentences

1. The Government shouldn't have tried to save S&L industry.

2. Actually no investors lost their money.

3. Investment in risky businesses is perfect because it is high return.

4. Budget dwells on economic cycle therefor it must not be balanced.

5. Fiscal prudence is a well-balanced budget.

6. Rules of thumb are simpler than steering by complex calculations.

7. The more a government borrows, the greater the risk that the last dollar borrowed will damage private capital markets.

8. Well-intentioned budget rules can have another perverse outcome: they tempt politicians to fudge the numbers.

9. Balancing budget is not balancing economic cycle.

Exercise 7.Make up dialogs:

1. Between Mr Rheuben and a government regulator.

2. Between Mr Rheuben and the curator of the museum of magic.

3. A Congressman and an RTC representative asking for additional money for S&L bailout.

4. An average tax-payer and S&L depositor.

5. Two government members discussing for and against arguments of borrowing money.

6. A balanced budget supporter and a defender of budget deficit.

Exercise 8. Translate into English

1. Наша цель – резко изменить этот беспорядок. 2. Не будет никаких затруднений – ваши сбережения застрахованы. 3. В последнее время доходы превысили расходы. 4. Щекочущие подробности этой катастрофы прессой игнорируются. 5. У нас в активах приблизительно 2 миллиона долларов. 6. Сейчас вкладчикам не выплачивают дивиденды, но это временно, потому что государство собирается взять эту финансовую пирамиду на поруки. 7. Ее выгнали из совета директоров, и она была вынуждена продать все движимое и недвижимое имущество. 8. Он все еще препятствовал спасению промышленности. 9. Почему долгосрочные кредиты под недвижимость медленно возвращаются? 10. Фальшивые цифры не смогут оживить банки во время экономического спада. 11. Неуплата долга стала вашей самой ужасной ошибкой: вы должны были принять срочные меры заранее. 12. Он был вынужден оценить ущерб и предотвратить мошенничество. 13. Финансовое благоразумие – это использование избытка бюджета для покрытия будущего дефицита. 14. К следующему финансовому году налоговые поступления снизятся. 15. Когда мне переведут деньги, я их сниму и закрою счет. 16. Увеличение бюджетных поступлений в следующем финансовом году за счет снижения налогов станет мудрым решением и приобретет много сторонников. 17. Суммируя, можно сказать, что деятельность вашей дочерней фирмы провалилась из-за неправильного управления. 18. Если бы вы не были столь расточительны и сократили расходы, вас бы не осудили за воровство, но бережливость никогда не была вашим достоинством. 19. Результат ваших неправильных действий – противоречивая информация в прессе о наших гарантиях. 20. И городскому, и сельскому населению следует принять участие в этом рискованном предприятии. 21. Его схватили за то, что он не вернул краткосрочный кредит вовремя. 22. Не нужно подробно останавливаться на вопросах инвестиций в салоны для загара. 23. Обильно засыпав нас сложными экономическими терминами, профессор последовательно и мягко перешел к сути вопроса. 24. Обслуживать долг и выделять деньги на первостепенные нужды людей – главные задачи бюджета.

TOPICS:

1. Advantages and disadvantages of contributing to risky businesses.

2. Financial pyramids, their activity and crashes.

3.Government's means of saving industries.

DISCUSSION: Discussing S&L's crash

Possible characters:

1. Independent experts in economy.

2. A person from S&L.

3. Average taxpayers.

4. Depositors of S&L.

5. Someone of government regulators.

6. Local authorities.

7. Federal authorities.

UNIT 2: ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENT