Vocabulary exercises

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 347.

Vocabulary

1) access; 2) accumulate; 3) amendment; 4) anticipate; 5) assume; 6) bargain; 7) broke, to go broke; 8) coin (v); 9) coincide; 10) compete; 11) consent; 12) consumer-dominated society; 13) curb; 14) customer; 15) discount; 16) distinguish; 17) diverge; 18) doubt; 19) enterprise; 20) explicit; 21) flourish, flourishing; 22) forbid; 23) foresee, to foretell; 24) gain; 25) goods; 26) implement; 27) inevitable; 28) insist on/upon; 29) issue; 30) merchandise; 31) murky; 32) own, owner; 33) permit; 34) possess; 35) poverty; 36) predict; 37) prohibit; 38) prosperous; 39) release; 40) rely on/upon; 41) resemble; 42) resolve; 43) secure; 44) service economy; 45) similar; 46) tackle; 47) transaction; 48) trust; 49) vary, various; 50) wage; 51) wealth

Exercise 1.Find the Russian equivalents

1) to implement economic policy; 2) taxing and spending; 3) to predict quite different outcome; 4) policymaker; 5) assumptions; 6) to be determined through the interaction of; 7) consumer-dominated society; 8) supply and demand; 9) government planners; 10) to introduce private elements; 11) means of production; 12) to exhibit a mix of government and private ownership; 13) to accumulate wealth; 14) to increase transparency; 15) to raise a cap on foreign ownership; 16) to invest through gray schemes; 17) deputy chief; 18) market players; 19) to come up with a plan; 20) has the explicit backing of the president

Exercise 2.Find the English equivalents

1) личные вещи; 2) предчувствие; 3) предполагать ответственность; 4) исход; 5) официальное разрешение; 6) полезный; 7) процветающая компания; 8) состоятельный человек; 9) прибыльное предприятие; 10) запрещение, запрет; 11) расхождение, различие; 12) продуктивность; 13) сходство; 14) надежный; 15) конкурент; 16) хорошо финансируемый; 17) безопасность) 18) взяться за темные дела фирмы; 19) совпадение

Exercise 3.Paraphrase the sentences, using synonyms (several, where possible) to the underlined words

1. This is the main means to implement tax policy. 2. Does a good policymaker have to trust economic theories or owners' and undertakers' experience? 3. What result did the experts foretell? 4. The suppositions about the differences of those economic theories were confirmed. 5. Can you explain the differences between a market and non-market economy? 6. The situation is changing a little here in Russia but actually it is not a service economy. 7. What kind of goods does the company produce? 8. We have many constant buyers. 9. This system presents the elements of both government and private property. 10. He owns several companies. 11. Who is allowed to sell for profit? 12. These are the legal ways of gaining capital. 13. This is a very rich company. 14. He will be a rich person in a couple of years. 15. We need to sell goods in an open market. 16. The company got bankrupt. 17. It is forbidden to bring alcohol into the country. 18. The resemblance of these approaches to the economic policy is obvious. 19. Is this bank trustworthy? 20. How can we differentiate between rich companies and broke ones? 21. We will have introduced the corrections to the contract project by the next week. 22. As soon as new proposals had been issued, people started protesting. 23. This business is not going to be a success.

Exercise 4.Give opposites (all possible variants) to the underlined words in the sentences

1. He is a broke. 2. Sellers give discounts on large sales. 3. Do you intend to sell for losses? 4. They might have the same principles of business operation. 5. Such tax system contributes to accumulating poverty. 6. It was permitted to sell land in our country. 7. The basic difference is to be found in the forms of ownership. 8. What does the amount of supply depend on? 9. She has always doubted his ability to sell in the open market. 10. The complete disagreement on how to approach the role of government in the market economy will lead to nothing good. 11. This type of investment will be dangerous. 12. It might be an honest bargain. 13. How did you find out that they had invested legally?

Exercise 5.Insert prepositions, where necessary

1. Just try to change your approach … the job. 2. Can we trust … dealers? 3. The future clients shouldn't be given any grounds to doubt … the company's reputation. 4. The competitors differ … prices and quality … their goods. 5. Experience manager is more concerned … the result … the transaction than the means … its achievement. 6. Michael Gorbachev introduced some elements … free market … the soviet economic system. 7. What is the role … government … directing the economy? 8. Profound knowledge … basic economics is necessary … being successful in spite of the competitors. 9. The government implements its policy … taxing and spending. 10. Idealized theory differs … the real world. 11. Taxation … businesses is very high in our country. 12. Is education well-funded … tax money?

Exercise 6.React to the sentences using the content of the text and the vocabulary in the form of 5-7 sentences

1. There are nearly as many theories as economists.

2. Market economy is absolutely free.

3. Reducing the role of regulatory authorities would improve the efficiency of the economy.

4. In private business, there is an inevitable conflict of interests between employers and employees.

5. In private industry, the less taxation the better; just the other way round with state employees.

6. Government control tackles companies' murky dealings.

7.Many foreigners invest through gray schemes that give them access to the cheaper local market.

Exercise 7.Make up dialogs:

1. Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of market economy.

2. Between a private employer and state employer.

3. Between a foreign investor and a local authority.

4. A foreign owner of an enterprise in Russia and a trade union leader.

5.A Russian employee and America/British employee.

Exercise 8. Translate into English

1. Рыночная экономика в Великобритании и США не одинакова. 2. Если бы вы предвидели, что доступ будет закрыт, вы бы завершили сделку раньше. 3. Ему предсказывали, что он обанкротится? 4. Должно быть, поправки неизбежны. 5. Никто не запретит людям накапливать богатства. 6. Согласно условиям нашей сделки товар упаковывали целый день и к вечеру погрузили на корабль. 7. Он все еще принимает на себя ответственность за порочные делишки своего начальства? – Конечно, ведь ему хорошо платят за это. 8. Это случайность! Никто никогда не урезал вашу зарплату намеренно. 9. Постепенно они будут превращаться в процветающую компанию. 10. Мы могли бы доверять правительству, если бы оно нас не обманывало раньше. 11. Скидки увеличивают объем продаж. 12. Их мнения о том, какой должна быть экономика для потребителя, расходятся. 13. Если эти две фирмы начнут соревноваться, покупатели будут в выигрыше. 14. Роль государства различается при рыночной и нерыночной экономике. 15. Бедность такого огромного числа людей – результат неправильного управления экономикой и финансами. 16. Наши экономисты уже пытались прийти к согласию. 17. Не настаивайте, мы не можем пойти на закрытие предприятия. 18. Несомненно, спрос превысил предложение. 19. Сколько филиалов им принадлежало в 1999 году? 20. Последний номер журнала «Экономист» вышел на этой неделе, но в нашу библиотеку он еще не поступил. 21. Как вы можете различать типы рыночной экономики? 22. Акционерное общество приобрело хорошую репутацию, потому что обеспечивало хорошие дивиденды акционерам. 23. Это не напоминает случайно «великую депрессию»? 24. Они проводят реформы, решая проблемы инфляции и безработицы.

TOPICS:

1. The role of government in different economic systems.

2. The role of government in the economic system of Russia (in retrospect and at present).

3. Relations between employees and employers in Russia and the UK.

DISCUSSION: A strike for smaller taxation and larger wages

Possible characters:

1. People from trade unions.

2. Local authorities.

3. Private employers.

4. Private employees.

5. State employees.

6. Managers from State enterprises.

7.Leaders of different political parties.