Vocabulary exercises

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 329.

Vocabulary

1) accomplishment; 2) apply; 3) assurance; 4) avoid; 5) blend; 6) breach; 7) caution; 8) clash; 9) conceal; 10) confidence; 11) consecutive; 12) core; 13) designate; 14) disparaging; 15) domestic; 16) enact; 17) encourage; 18) essential; 19) fabric; 20) favor; 21) frustrate; 22) gauge; 23) hardware; 24) heady; 25) hint; 26) humiliating; 27) hunker down; 28) implication; 29) indiscretion; 30) inspire; 31) insulate; 32) interfere; 33) justify; 34) launch; 35) means; 36) overlap; 37) pile up; 38) pit smb against smb/smth; 39) plunge; 40) poke one's nose into smth; 41) reckon; 42) regard; 43) revive; 44) slash; 45) software; 46) stagger; 47) store; 48) tame; 49) testify; 50) tools; 51) treasure; 52) trickle down; 53) utility; 54) viable; 55) wariness; 56) witness

Exercise 1.Find the English equivalent

1) частая манипуляция денежной политикой; 2) без политической подоплеки; 3) давать взаймы деньги; 4) брать взаймы деньги; 5) казначейские билеты; 6) сопротивляться из-за страха перед инфляцией; 7) в ответ на критику Буша; 8) налоги с лиц с наибольшим доходом; 9) расходы на оборону; 10) выйти из моды; 11) акции высоколиквидных компаний; 12) зарабатывать новую наличность; 13) от опрометчивого оптимизма до глубокого пессимизма; 14) прямые предположения об экономическом спаде; 15) вмешательство в чьи-либо дела; 16) коммунальные услуги; 17) дисконтное окно

Exercise 2.Find the Russian equivalents

1) the board of governors; 2) for staggered terms; 3) reserve requirement; 4) discount rate; 5) supply-side economists; 6) double-digit inflation; 7) with a salary in the 91 percent tax bracket; 8) to enter the first term in office; 9) individual tax rates; 10) full-point chop; 11) blue-chip creditors; 12) pile up unsold goods; 13) to push sound businesses under; 14) to run down existing stocks; 15) to take into account; 16) to breach the fabric of consumer confidence; 17) employment-cost index; 18) year-on-year fall in output

Exercise 3.Paraphrase the sentences, using synonyms (several, where possible) to the underlined words

1. Can we use so many restrictions? 2. Those fiscal means were not working properly. 3. We will prefer the other way of government regulation. 4. The governors have been appointed for different periods. 5. A four-year term of a chair's service coincides with the president's term of office. 6. The board of directors is appointed by the meeting of stockholders. 7. Financial decisions must be made not taking policy into consideration. 8. How can interest rates inspire member banks to borrow and lend more freely? 9. Eliminating political conflicts remains an important part of the development of the country. 10. The Fed's economic policies can not be isolatedenough from political concerns. 11. Additional jobs and better income will be pouring on working people. 12. Government pokes its nose too much into person's work, savings, and investment. 13. Reagonomics is a mixture of tax cuts, cuts in spending for social programs, and increases in spending for defense. 14. Who should we be thankful to for the annual price inflation drop? 15. Cuts in spending for social programs are humiliating for socially disabled people. 16. Carefulnesshas grown old in recent years. 17. The Fed reduced its federal funds rate by two points. 18. Last year direct suppositions about the recession arose in political circles. 19. Unsold goods will be stored in large amount before companies consider falling demand. 20. Nothing can break people's assurance in future prosperity. 21. How should we figure out the average consumer-price inflation? 22. The Fed chair witnessed to Congress about economic slowdown. 23. It is not a yardstick of recession. 24. New home sales will be counted as quick as possible. 25. By the end of the next week we will have been observing hyperinflation for a year.

Exercise 4.Give opposites (all possible variants) to the underlined words in the sentences

1. The harm of the new vehicle is pretty questionable. 2. It has never been an unrealistic instrument of pressure. 3. They wanted to borrow a large amount of money. 4. High interest rates frustrate depositors. 5. Such actions will make the chief accountant support the manager. 6. Reagan stopped the new tax program. 7. Indiscretion in economy is a dangerous luxury. 8. Stock markets will be completely destroyed. 9. Running a risk helps not to lose money. 10. Sales volume has grown to the largest since ever. 11. Interest rates were extremely unstable. 12. He minds only his own business. 13. No more deep pessimism in job-hunting! 14. Our chief accountant frequently ignores experts' opinion. 15. They yield for the fear of being kicked out. 16. The money markets didn't expect further cuts. 17. How did you conceal such a huge production cut from consumers? 18. Severe financing problems won't revive sound business. 19. Fast growing inflation is quite an ordinary thing.

Exercise 5.Insert prepositions, where necessary

1. They disagree … controlling inflation and unemployment. 2. The Government spending program will be difficult to implement … the bureaucracy. 3. Who benefits … the reorganization of the company? 4. The board of the Fed's governors is independent … the president and Con­gress. 5. If policy makers hadn't interfered too much … the economy, citizens would have had greater income. 6. The tax rate … the highest income persons was cut … 50 percent. 7. Many economists credit the drop … the tight-money policies of the Federal Reserve Board. 8. Unemployment peaked … 9.7 percent in 1982 and dropped … 5.5 percent in 1988. 9. …the official definition the term is two consecutive quarters of declining gdp. 10. This slump occurred … a time when careless talk of recession was barely a mur­mur. 11. Contrary … supply-side theory, military spending was increased.

Exercise 6.React to the sentences using the content of the text and the vocabulary

1. The board of governors is independent of the president and Congress.

2. Inflation could be lowered more effectively by increasing supply than by reducing demand.

3. The rich should receive larger tax cuts than the poor.

4. There is no problem of piling up unsold goods in highly developed countries.

5. Hunkering down is the best strategy during default.

6. Tame core consumer-price inflation justifies further rate cuts.

7.A massive drop in tax revenues create severe problems in financing.

Exercise 7.Make up dialogs:

1. Between a supply-sider and a Keynesian talking on taxation.

2. Talking on advantages and disadvantages of tax cuts.

3. Between an average tax payer and a representative of large business discussing tax benefits.

4. Between economists talking about direct and indirect taxes.

5. Between average tax payers talking about taxation during the Soviet and the current periods.

6.Between economists talking about taxation during the Soviet and the current periods.

Exercise 8. Translate into English

1. Материально-производственный запас будет подсчитан к началу следующей недели. 2. Предположения о быстром экономическом спаде не оправдались. 3. Мы могли бы избежать вмешательства, но теперь уже слишком поздно. 4. Во время экономической депрессии безрассудный оптимизм порой переплетается с глубоким пессимизмом. 5. Программное обеспечение всегда было важной частью персонального компьютера. 6. Министр свидетельствовал перед конгрессом, что рост цен поколебал уверенность потребителя в завтрашнем дне. 7. Спад инфляции и безработицы будут важным завершением новой экономической политики. 8. Ваши действия ставят вас в оппозицию президенту компании. 9. Мы будем вынуждены обратиться к выпуску новых казначейских билетов. 10. Больше не будет никакой политической подоплеки. 11. Объяснять причину задержки выплат по долгам так унизительно. 12. Им помогла уверенность в стабильном доходе с акций высоколиквидных компаний. 13. Осторожность в принятии финансовых решений теперь не в моде. 14. Внутренние дела нашей страны меня не вдохновляют. 15. Урезание премий расстроило персонал. 16. Скрыв большую часть своих доходов, она изолировала всех свидетелей. 17. Эта скульптура представляет собой смесь добрых и злых дел Хрущева. 18. Столкновение сторонников увеличения расходов на оборону и увеличения финансирования социальных программ неизбежно. 19. Последовательными мерами станут увеличение налога с лиц с наибольшим доходом и уменьшение налога с лиц с минимальным доходом. 20. Сердцевина программы определяет все направление экономического развития. 21. Оборудование будет нежизнеспособно без программиста. 22. Я считаю, что эта мера неточна. 23. Проведя закон в конгрессе, они взялись за его реализацию. 24. Руководство банка благосклонно к появлению новых депозитов. 25. Я не могу оправдать то, что вы слишком осторожничаете. 26. В этом месяце была запущена новая программа восстановления темпов производства. 27. Нереализованные средства производства были сгружены в огромном количестве на хранение. 28. Страну потрясает новый экономический спад. 29. Они постоянно суют свой нос в дела компании, но усмирить их будет невозможно. 30. Три дня они подсчитывали деньги, полившиеся на них рекой. 31. Политическая полезность этой теории спорна. 32. Какая инфляция считается нормальной: ползущая или галопирующая?

TOPICS:

1. Reaganomics, its features and consequences.

2. Tax cuts and their possible results in Russia and other countries.

3.Federal Reserve and it's role in American economy.