The system of English consonant phonemes

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 488.

RP. Changes in the standard.

English vowels according to the tongue positions

Status of the neutral vowel

Phonological analysis: neutral sound vs other unstressed vowels.

The most common is [i] — independent opposition.

Morphological aspect: derivatives of the same root. Neutral sound is the neutralized allophone of the non-reduced vowels.

Horizontal movement: (no 2, 5 acc to british)

1. Front

2. Front retracted

3. Central

4. Back

5. Back advanced

Vertical movement British:

1. High (close)

2. Mid (half-open)

3. Low (open)

Vertical movement Russian:

1. Close

a. Narrow

b. Broad

2. Mid

a. Narrow

b. Broad

3. Open

a. Narrow

b. Broad

Diphthongs centering (schwa glide): closing (I, u glide)

3–5 % of the population, aristocracy and court, social marker.

London area.

Types: conservative, general, advanced + southern near-RP

Changes in the standard:

— Stability of articulation: shortening of diphthongs, smoothening by schwa, shift to o.

— Combinative changes: loss of j. , lenghthening of short vowels.

— voicing and devoicing. Bag, back, be(dd)er

— loss of h: her to come

— hw

— glottal stops

— palatalization

— linking and intrusive r

— elision, reduction, assimilation in fluent speech

— combinative changes: tj >tsh

— influence of spelling

Type of obstruction and the manner of production of noise (Vasyl'ev):

— Occlusive (complete obstruction)

o Noise sonorants ( — plosives, — affricates)

o sonorants

— Constrictive (incomplete obstruction)

o Noise consonants

o Sonorants (— medial, — lateral)