Word stress

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 361.

Phonostylistics. Extra linguistic situation components.

Purpose: why is language used here? Various phonetic ways of reflecting speaker's intention. Topics, activities, subject.

Participants (individual characteristics, social relationship, age, sex, emotional state)

Scene (setting) — (physical orientation?distance, public/private, polite/casueal, high/low cultures, formal and in-)

Word stress is the greater degree of special prominence given to one or more syllables as compared with that of the other syllable or syllables of the same word. To all even monosyllabic words, too.

Types:

— Dynamic — tonic (greater force or utterance — pitch level)

— Qualitative — quantitative (unobsctured — longer)

Stress is a complex phenomenon, marked by variations in force, pitch, quantity and quality.

Place of the word stress, degrees (british 3, American 4)

Tendencies:

— Recessive (word stress falls on the initial or the 2^nd if the root is with prefixes. Angl-sax words and French borrowings. Mother, brother, begin; reason, colour.)

— Rhythmical (appearance of the second stress in the multisyllabic French borrowings. Revolution. Primary stress on the 3^rd syllable from the end cinema, articulate)

— Retentive (a derivative has the same stress as the parent word similar — assimilate)

Functions:

— constitutive (constitutes a word, organizes the syllables of a word into a language unit)

— recognitive (a person identifies the syllables as a definite accentual pattern of a word, makes communication easier)

— distinctive (differenciate the meaning of words or their forms. import)