Match the term with its definition and then find its translation.
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 632.
EXERCISES
Fig. 51 Three types of fault motion
1. Match the English term with the Russian variant. (TEXT: Fault terminology)
| 1. fault | a. сдвиг |
| 2. normal fault | b. простирание |
| 3. reverse fault | c. висячий блок |
| 4. throw | d. косой, наклонный |
| 5. heave | e. сброс |
| 6. hanging wall | f. наклон, падение |
| 7. footwall | g. взброс |
| 8. dip | h. горизонтальная амплитуда смещения |
| 9. strike | i. лежачий блок |
| 10. strike-slip fault | j. вертикальная амплитуда смещения |
| 11. oblique | k. разлом, разрыв |
2. Re-read the text “Fault terminology”. Look at the diagram (anatomy of a fault). Label the letters and give an explanation.(R.P – 8.3.1.2)
| 1. fault | move downward relative to the other side | сброс |
| 2. upthrow | vertical shift | горизонтальная амплитуда смещения |
| 3. downthrow | lateral shift | висячий блок |
| 4. hade | move upward relative to the other side | дизъюнктивное нарушение |
| 5. heave | inclination to vertical plane | вертикальная амплитуда смещения |
| 6. throw | rock mass below the fault plane | отклонение от вертикали |
| 7. footwall | rock mass above the fault plane | лежачий блок |
| 8. hanging wall | fracture along which the opposite sides are displaced | взброс |
4 Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
A fault is a (1) _______________ along which one side has moved (2)_____________ to the other. The term fault is generally used for (3)___________ fractures. A fault divides a rock into two (4)________________. The bottom surface of the upper block is the (5)____________, and the top surface is the (6)_________________. Faults are classified in terms of the (7)_________________ of the fault surface. The fault dip may be more than (8)_______________, which is called (9)______________. If it is less than (10) __________, it is a (11)____________. A fault can be divided depending on the (12)___________ of the (13)__________. Also they are subdivided on terms of (14) ____________. Faults may also be either (15) ________ ( ) or (16)___________ ( ).
5 Read the following fault types. The look at the diagrams and then try to draw them by heart. and draw a diagram. (R.P – 8.3.1.3, 8.3.1.4)
1.Normal fault – stretching breaks rocks along
a steep fault plane, and one block drops or rises
against the other.
2. Reverse fault – compression forces one block
up and over another. A thrust fault is a reverse fault
with a low-angled fault plane producing great
horizontal movement.
3. Tear(strike-slip, transcurrent, wrench)fault –
horizontal shearing along a vertical fault plane.
Transform faults are tear faults at right angles
to oceanic ridges.
4. Graben-a long, narrow block sunk between
two parallel faults.
5. Horst- a horizontal block raised between
two normal faults
| <== previous lecture | | | next lecture ==> |
| Fig. 50 Fault anatomy | | | VOCABULARY |