Be considered, named, elected, found, left (President, guilty, etc.)
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 611.
Was left studying (when doing what)
Was left to study (purpose)
Was heard shutting (a simultaneous process)
Complex Subject
CONSTRUCTIONS WITH PARTICIPLES
1. 1. Nominative With the Infinitive (always TO-infinitive)
a) with verbs in active voice: seem, appear, happen, prove, turn out (to do smth.)
b) with adjectives: be likely / sure / certain (to do smth.)
c) with verbs in passive voice:
sense perception: be seen, noticed, heard, etc. (to do smth.)
mental activity: be thought, considered, known, supposed, expected, believed, etc. (to do / have done smth.)
restatement: be said, reported, announced, etc. (to do / have done smth.)
compulsion: be made, forced, caused, advised, etc. (to do smth.)
2. 2. Nominative with the Participle
a) with active participles: be seen, heard, found, left, caught, reported, etc.(doing smth.)
b) with passive participles: be seen, heard, found, considered, left, etc.(done)
c) with AS: be accepted, explained, understood, etc. AS (doing / done)
NB! was heard to shut (a completed action)
3. 3. Other
Exercise 6.1. Find and analyze subjects.
1. 1. From time to time they were seen dancing in some hot spot or other.
2. 2. It was bound to happen one of these days.
3. 3. She was appointed secretary to the head of the department.
4. 4. She was left penniless after her father's death.
5. 5. The car was found later slightly damaged.
6. 6. The matter was considered closed.
7. 7. The plan was generally believed to have been stolen.
8. 8. The safe was supposed to have been left open by negligence.
9. 9. They were heard discussing something in whisper on the landing.
10. 10. With so many people concerned at least some information was bound to leak out.
Exercise 6.2. Choose between the infinitive and the participle to use it as subjective predicative.
1. 1. He has never been known . .. his temper at rehearsals. (to lose)
2. 2. He was left . . . a couple of hours. (to sleep)
3. 3. He was understood ... the new teacher. (to be)
4. 4. Her brother was reported . . . alive in Europe. (to be)
5. 5. His book was found . .. a fine piece of writing. (to be)
6. 6. I don't see how anyone can be expected . .. a case like this. (to tackle)
7. 7. I was made . . . at the gate. (to stand)
8. 8. In your story he is shown . .. a lot for other people. (to do)
9. 9. She may have found the note because she was seen . . . through the book. (to look)
10. 10. When the car was heard ... the people fled anywhere to avoid the police. (to approach)
Exercise 6.3. Translate using infinitives or participles as complex subjects.
1. 1. “Я имел обыкновение украдкой уходить из дома вечером, - сказал он, - когда предполагалось, что я занимаюсь, и отправлялся в церковь играть на органе.” (to suppose)
2. 2. Было известно, что он пишет книгу о нравах. (to know)
3. 3. Девочке велели разлить в чашки чай. (to tell)
4. 4. Ему посоветовали не рассказывать им историю своей жизни. (to advise)
5. 5. На этот раз меня попросили зайти к нему домой. (to ask)
6. 6. Полагают, что он глубоко привязан к своей семье. (to believe).
7. 7. Слышали, как несколько минут тому назад они спорили на террасе. (to hear)
8. 8. Слышали, как посетитель в разговоре с моим отцом упомянул какой-то несчастный случай. (to hear)
9. 9. Сообщили, что он изменил свое решение. (to report)
10. 10. Через окно можно было видеть, что водитель ждет у машины. (to see)