LIBERALISM 16 page
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 352.
| Robert Nozick (1938–) | A US academic and political philosopher, Nozick developed a form of libertarianism that was close to Locke's and has had considerable impact upon the New Right. His major works include Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974) and Philosophical Explanations (1981). |
| Michael Oakeshott (1901–90) | A British political philosopher, Oakeshott was a leading proponent of conservative traditionalism and an advocate of a non-ideological style of politics. His bestknown works include Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays (1962) and On Human Conduct (1975). |
| Robert Owen (1771–1858) | A British industrialist and pioneer trade unionist, Owen developed a utopian form of socialism that emphasised the capacity of the social environment to influence character. His best-known work is A New View of Society (1812). |
| Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923) | An Italian economist and social theorist, Pareto developed a form of elitism that is based largely upon the different psychological propensities of leaders and followers. His major work is The Mind and Society (1917–18). |
| Plato (427–347 BCE) | A Greek philosopher, Plato taught that the material world consists of imperfect copies of abstract and eternal ‘ideas', and described the ‘ideal state' in terms of a theory of justice. His major writings include The Republic and The Laws. |
| Karl Popper (1902–94) | An Austrian-born British philosopher, Popper's political writings upheld liberalism and the free society and condemned authoritarian and totalitarian tendencies. His main political work is The Open Society and its Enemies (1945). |
| Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–65) | A French anarchist, Proudhon attacked both traditional property rights and communism, arguing instead for mutualism, a cooperative productive system geared towards need rather than profit. His best-known work is What is Property? (1840). |
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| John Rawls (1921–) | A US academic and political philosopher, Rawls used a form of social contract theory to reconcile liberal individualism with the principles of redistribution and social justice. His major works include A Theory of Justice (1971) and Political Liberalism (1993). |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78) | A Geneva-born French moral and political philosopher, Rousseau developed a philosophy that reflects a deep belief in the goodness of ‘natural man' and the corruption of ‘social man'. His best-known political work is The Social Contract (1762). |
| Adam Smith (1723–90) | A Scottish economist and philosopher, Smith developed the first systematic analysis of the workings of the economy in market terms, crucially influencing emergent classical liberalism. His most famous work is The Wealth of Nations (1776). |
| Richard Henry Tawney (1880–1962) | A British social philosopher and historian, Tawney advocated a form of socialism that was firmly rooted in a Christian social moralism unconnected with Marxist class analysis. His major works include The Acquisitive Society (1921), Equality (1931) and The Radical Tradition (1964). |
| Max Weber (1864–1920) | A German political economist and sociologist, Weber was one of the founders of modern sociology and championed a scientific and value-free approach to scholarship. His most influential works include The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1902), The Sociology of Religion (1920) and Economy and Society (1922). |
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