Speciation. Kinds of speciation.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 452.

List A

1. Definition of genetics. Genetic Terms Heredity Variation gene, allele, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype, Punnet squares, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross and polyhybrid cross.
2. Laws of G.Mendel. The first low of G.Mendel. The genetics scheme.
3. Cytological bases of the first low of G.Mendel.
4. Laws of G.Mendel. The second low of G.Mendel. The genetics scheme.
5. Cytological bases of the second low of G.Mendel.
6. Laws of G.Mendel. The low of G.Mendel. The genetics scheme.
7. Cytological bases of the third low of G.Mendel.
8. Interactions of allelic genes.
9. Expression and penetration of genes.
10. Pleiotropy. Types of pleyotropy.
11. Multiple alleles.
12. Inheritance of blood groups.
13. Types of interaction of not allelic genes.
14. Complementary genes.
15. Epistasis. Types of epistasis.
16. Polygenic inheritance.
17. Effect of position. Inheritance of Rh factor
18. Nucleic acids as the polymers of nucleotides. Types of nucleic acids.
19. Structure and functions of DNA.
20. Characteristic and significance of DNA replication.
21. Types, structure, and functions of RNA.
22. Characteristic and significance of RNA synthesis.
23. Definition and property of gene.
24. Classification of genes.
25. Definition and property of genetical code.
26. Genes' expression. Biosynthesis of protein.
27. Significance of genes' expression regulation. Model of operon.
28. Particularities of eukaryotes' genes expression regulation.
1. Original positions of the Chromosome theory of inheritance by Т. Morgan.
2. Linkage inheritance of the genes. The groups of linked genes. Complete and incomplete linkage of genes.
3. Genetic maps of chromosome. Method of their building.
4. Classification of the mechanism of definition of the sex.
5. Sex-linked inheritance

29. Variation as a biological phenomenon. Classification of variation. Sources of phenotype variation.

30. New combination of genes.

31. Mutations. Classification of mutations. Modifications and aberrations of chromosomes.

32. Modifications of genes (genes mutations).

33. Causes of mutation.

34. Mechanisms of defense against mutations.

35. Methods of genetics of the human being. Classification of methods. Prenatal and postnatal methods of diagnostic.

36. Foundations, biological basis and clinical importance of the karyotypic analysis.

37. Foundations, biological basis and clinical importance of the dermatoglyphic maps.

38. Foundations, biological basis and clinical importance of the twins method.

39. Aims and steps of pedigree analysis.

40. Rules of building of a pedigree tree.

41. Aims of analysis of a pedigree tree.

42. Rules of finding of prognosis of birth of sick child.

43. Foundations, biological basis and clinical importance of the biochemical methods.

44. Definition and Categorization (classification) of hereditary diseases.

45. Chromosome diseases are caused by changing of number and shape of autosome chromosomes.

46. Chromosome diseases are caused by changing of sex chromosomes' number.

47. Gene diseases (molecular diseases). Plural congenital disorders of ontogenesis.

48. Gene diseases. Diseases of metabolism disorders.

49. Multifactorial disorders.

50. Prevention of the hereditary diseases.

1. Population Genetics. Analysis gene pool of population.

52. The Hardy-Weinberg Law.

1. Influence of elementary evolution factors (natural selection, mutations, migration, isolations, population waves) to gene pool of population.

55. Genetic heterogeneity. Genetic burden.

1. Characteristics feature of elementary evolutional factors activity in human populations.