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Date: 2015-10-07; view: 461.

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X. Hinduism. Jainism

1.Outline of the lecture

1 History and elements of Hinduism

Hinduism is very different from religious like Christianity, Islam or Judaism. It is the name given to a family of religions and cultures that began and still flourish in India. The word

“ Hindu” comes from the name of the river Indus. Originally the name referred to people

living in a particular region of the world.

Origin of Hinduism.

Relatively little is known about the origins of Hinduism,as its history dates back to prehistoric times. It emerged during Harappans civilization in the 3-2 millennium B.C. Its origin is from Brakhmanism and Jainism.

Hindus do not separate religion from other aspects of life. It does not have central creed. For Hindus in India Hinduism is a part of their existence, a complete approach to life that involves social position, earning a living, family, diet,, politics ,etc.

Hinduism includes a very wide range of beliefs and practice- so there aren't many things that are common to all Hindu groups.

Hinduism has no founder, its concept of the ‘ Good life” is not based on instructions from God.

Hindus believe in supreme God (called Brahman) that is present in everything.

It is very difficult to separate the religious elements of Hinduism from the political, racial, social, and other elements which also make up the Hindu culture. But that is not surprising, as Hindus believe that God is in everything, it would not make sense to separate religious things from everything else.

· The Gods_______________________________________________________________

The things that are common to all Hindus in belief:

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Holy Books

*Vedas ( Veda Dharma)-

Brahmanas-

The Upanishads

The Bhagavad-Gita

2. Practice of Hinduism

For many Hindus, religion is a matter of practice rather than of belief. It is more what you do than what you believe.

Behind Hindu practice is the belief that every soul is trapped in a cycle of birth and then death and the rebirth. Every Hindus wants to escape from this cycle.( This liberation is called Moksha)

Hindus aim to live in away that will cause each of their lives to be better than the life before. Living or acting in aright way is known as dharma, so the Indian name for their religion is sanatana dharma ( everlasting dharma)

Cycles of lives:

Brahmacharya ( grazing in Brahma)- to learn life's secrets under a Guru, building up body and mind

Grihastka- householder's stage ( samsara) in which one marries and satisfies kama, time of professional carrier

Vanaprastha- gradual detachment from the material world, making holy pilgrimages

Sayasa- seclusion

Karma

There are 4 legitimate goals of life

Dharma

Artha

Kama

Moksha

3. Jainism

Jainism was founded in the 6 century B.C., it is one of the forms of Hinduism. In the 1 century B.C. many religious schools in India rejected Vedas. Jainism adopted many sides of Brahmanist tradition ( incarnation, nirvana).

The difference- a common person can not reach nirvana, only ascetics.

Jainism did not differ material and spiritual. Soul is in every plant, in every thing.

They do not agree with hunting, fishery, land cultivation, animal husbandry.

Main principle- ahisma- do not harm to living beings.

2. Questions for test

1. Origin if Hinduism

2. Peculiarity of Hinduism as religion

3. Main beliefs

4. Jainism

3. Glossary

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4. Task for IWS- Hinduism and Buddhism

5. Task for office hours- Hinduism in India

6. Reference

Музафарова Н.И. История религий. М. 2004. стр. 72-89

Боги, брахманы, люди. Четыре тысячи лет индуизма. М. 1999. стр. 5-45