TYPES OF TRANSCRIPTION

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 431.

Transcription – the system of signs in which sounds are symbolized. There are different types of transcription: phonemic or broadcontains as many symbols as there are phonemes in the language (phoneme is usually enclosed between diagonals - /t/); phonetic or narrow or allophonic – “one symbol to allophone”. The symbols of this transcription are placed between square brackets – [t]. To mark different allophones of one phoneme scholars use diacritic marks – additional symbols used to characterize separate phonemes of their allophones (й). Diacritic marks help to use the inventory of the letters of the alphabet, without enlarging it. Allophonic transcription is the most convenient so that is why one can hardly do without it in foreign language teaching. The first attempts to represent speech sounds visually by means of special symbols were made in 16 century. The modern phonetic transcription that is most widely used now is the lnternational Phonetic Transcription devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1904. This tr-ion is a phonetic alphabet which may be applied to most of the languages. One of the principles of this transcription is to use the fewest symbols of the simplest possible shape. Most of the symbols it uses are letters of the Latin alphabet. Besides, it contains a series of diacritic marks. Jones took from this type of transcription some symbols to English (I, i:, e, ǽ, ə, a:, o, o:, u, u:, ei, ou, au, oi, uə). Diacritic marks: ~nasalization; • devoicing; ǔ voicing; + advanced variety; - retracted variety; : length mark, etc