The development of the New English vocabulary (borrowings, semantic changes, word formation).

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 792.

Renaissance period (15^th-16^th centuries). Latin was very popular in Middle Ages (church, study, science). With new geographical discoveries a lot of new words appeared. This period is characterized by the influence of Italia, Spain and Latin words. Italian words belong mainly to the sphere of art. e.g.: fresco, violin, balcony. + miscellaneous words. e.g.: bandit, volcano, gondola. Latin borrowings were much more numerous. The mixed character of the English vocabulary particularly to the French borrowed words. Words from Latin: 1) ‘-ate' derived from Past Participle of Latin verbs of the 1^st conjugation. e.g.: abbreviate, irritate. 2) ‘-ute' derived from Past Participle of a group of verbs of a 3^rd conjugation. e.g.: attribute, contribute. 3) verbs from Past Participle of other Latin verbs of 3^rd conjugation. e.g.: dismiss, collect, contradict. 4) verbs derived from the inf. Of Latin verbs of the 3^rd conjugation. e.g.: permit, admit. 5) adj. derived from Latin Present Partisiple in ‘-ant/-ent'. e.g.: orient. 5) adj. derived from the comparative degree of Latin adj. in ‘-ior'. e.g.: superior, minor, junior. The 17^th century is characterized by further growth of vocabulary due to borrowings from various colonial and French. French words of this period were far more important. Many of these words denote things typical of feudal culture. e.g.: ballet, intrigue. A lot of digraphs appeared in the English system to denote some sounds of the French language. e.g.: beau [b#u]; cores [ko:]. Some words came from dialects of India. e.g.: bungalow. Persian words: e.g.: caravan. Russian words: e.g.: soviet, sputnik.