Відсутність артикля
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 557.
| У якому випадку | Приклади | |
| Перед власними назвами | London — Лондон Europe — Європа England — Англія Виняток: the Crimea — Крим the Caucasus — Кавказ | |
| Перед загальними іменниками, які вживаються як звертання | Good morning, young man. Доброго ранку, юначе! | |
| Перед словами Mother, Father, Uncle, Aunt на позначення членів родини | Ask Father about it. Mummy has come. Попроси батька про це. Мама прийшла. | |
| Перед назвами наук | I like Literature and History. Я люблю літературу та історію. | |
| Перед необчислювальними іменниками (назвами речовин, абстрактних понять рахунку) | There is water in the glass. У склянці вода (а не кава, молоко). | |
| Перед обчислювальними іменниками у множині без означення або з означенням, які мають описовий характер | She has apples and bananas. У неї є яблука і банани. She has red apples and yellow bananas. У неї є червоні яблука та жовті банани. | |
| Перед необчислювальними іменниками в однині, якщо вони позначають: добу пору року | Winter came. — Прийшла зима. It was night. — Була ніч. Morning — ранок, day — день, evening — вечір, night — ніч summer — літо, winter — зима, autumn — осінь, spring — весна | |
| Перед іменами та прізвищами людей: | якщо немає означення | Mike spoke about his studies. Майк розповідав про свої заняття. |
| якщо перед ними стоїть слово, що означає титул, сімейні стосунки, суспільний стан | Captain Smith — капітан Сміт Aunt Rose — тьотя Роза Professor Brown — професор Браун | |
| якщо перед власним іменем стоять слова dear,little,old,good,poor | Little Tommy sat down and cried. Маленький Томмі сів і заплакав. |
Ex. 1. Insert the required articles:
1. Nekrasov, ___ famous Russian poet described ___ life of ___ Russian people.
2. Everyone in ___ Ukraine knows Shevchenko, ___ talented poet and artist.
3. He graduated from ___ University 10 years ago. Now his name is well-known.
4. Two weeks are left before ___ end of ___ school year. ___ examinations are coming. On ___ first of ___ June we'll take examination in ___ literature.
5. My brother brought ___ new novel yesterday. When I looked at ___ title, I was very glad it was ___ book which I want to get for ___ long time.
6. ___ great English novelist Charles Dickens knew ___ great deal about the debtors' prison from personal experience, for when he was about 10, his father was imprisoned for debt.
7. ___ play «Widowers' Houses» shows ___ egoism and hypocrisy of some businessmen who got their profits from ___ London slums where ___ poorest people lived.
8. ___ greatest novelists used ___ novel as ___ means to protest against ___ evils in contemporary social and economic life and to picture ___ world in ___ realistic way.
9. ___ picture of life of ___ ruling classes of ___ England in ___ 19th century as drawn by Thackeray remains ___ classical example of social satire up to ___ present day.
10.___ subtitle of the novel shows the author's intention not to describe individuals, but English society as a whole.
11. O. Henry is one of ___ most widely published modern authors. He worked as ___ clerk, ___ bookkeeper, ___ draftsman and ___ bank teller before turning to writing.
12. ___ works of O. Henry reflect ___ specific period in ___ American literature. He worked out and enriched all ___ various types of ___ short story: ___ anecdote, ___ monologue, ___ dialogue.
13. ___ story «The Last Leaf» is about ___ old painter, Behrman. ___ old painter was ___ man with ___ kind heart.
14. Jack London was ___ master of ___ dynamic plot. His stories are full of ___ action and ___ conflict.
15. ___ well-known American critic and publicist wrote about Dreiser, «He was ___ great artist, ___ man of large originality».
Ex. 2. Insert the required articles:
1. George Bernard Shaw, ___ well-known English playwright, was born in ___ Ireland in 1856. He was ___ son of ___ clerk and had to begin working at ___ early age. At ___ age of twenty he moved to ___ London where he became ___ journalist.
2. William Shakespeare, ___ greatest English writer, was born in 1564 in ___ Stratford-on-Avon in ___ England. ___ Stratford is ___ small country town in ___ farming district near ___ center of ___ England.
3. ___ Avon which is ___ pretty river with ___ grass and trees all along its banks, runs through ___ Stratford.
4. Mark Twain lived in ___ tiny settlment in ___ Missouri on ___ banks of ___ Mississippi River.
5. It was while working at ___ Enterprise that M. Twain's carreer as ___ journalist really began.
6. O. Henry wrote about 150 stories with ___ New York background. He can be called one of ___ New York's biographers.
7. Jack London and his family moved to ___ Oakland, California. In 1899 ___ Overland Monthly published some of his stories.
8. ___ novel «White Fang» is about ___ North. ___ book shows London's keen observation of nature in ___ severe North.
9. My friend at ___ age of 15 was fond of ___ Literature and ___ History.
10.___ United Kingdom of ___ Great Britain and ___ Northern Ireland is situated on ___ British Isles.
11.He had ___ views on what ___ United States was doing for the world.
12.___ weather over ___ Baltic was said to be changing every year.
13.Mr. Brown arrived at ___ London airport from ___ New York yesterday on his way to ___ Ukraine.
14.Gracie was ___ student at ___ London University.
15.Schiller, ___ most popular dramatist in ___ Germany, was forced to make ___ translations from ___ French in order to earn ___ money enough to live on.
Ex. 3. Insert the required articles:
1. ___ scheme of ___ study in ___ Teachers' Training College is based upon ___ compulsory and optional subjects.
2. ___ auxiliary verbs have no meaning of their own and are used to build up ___ analytical forms of ___ verb.
3. ___ Future Tense is not used in ___ adverbial clauses of time and condition.
4. When Smith was appointed ___ editor of «___ Literary Gazette» his salary became eight hundred ___ year.
5. He now arranged with Mr. Brown to write ___ articles on ___ current French literature.
6. Then Mary saw ___ Professor Denton, ___ head of ___ English language department.
7. Margaret, who had not long ago graduated from ___ Oxford, was working as ___ secretary.
8. He was universally known as ___ author of the book which had been translated into many languages.
9. My friend Herbert Holt is ___ professor of English literature in one of ___ smaller universities of ___ Middle West.
10.She'd been to Cambridge and she'd taken her degree in Philology.
11.I've received ___ information on ___ subject.
12.They stood for some time, talking in a quiet tone, comparing ___ Thames with ___ Seine.
13.I read ___ poetry and literary prose at school.
14.Critical Realism as ___ trend in American literature reached full development after the Civil War.
15.E. Hemingway was one of America's foremost writers, and ___ classic of ___ American and world literature of the 20th century.
Ex. 4. Revision: Insert the required articles:
| A. | At ___ beginning of ___ 19th century ___ little boy was born in ___ family of John Dickens, ___ clerk at ___ office in ___ Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ___ sister who was older than himself, and there were several other children in ___ family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ___ school. He was not ___ strong child. He did not like to play ___ cricket or ___ football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ___ family went to ___ London, and little Charles left behind him ___ happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ___ money difficulties, and ___ family became poorer and poorer. ___ boy had to give up his studies. Mr. Dickens was put into ___ debtors' prison. Little Charles learned to know all ___ horrors and cruetly of ___ large capitalist city. He had to go to work at ___ blacking factory. He worked there from ___ morning till night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ___ school for some time. Soon he got work as ___ clerk. Then he learned ___ stenography and became ___ reporter in Parliament. In 1836 at ___ age of 24 Charles Dickens published his first book. It was ___ collection of ___ stories ___ title of ___ book was «Sketches by Boz». These were followed by «Pickwick Papers» and «Oliver Twist» and many other famous novels. Charles Dickens is one of ___ greatest writers of ___ 19th century. His novels are now translated into most languages of ___ world. |
| B. | Robert Burns, ___ son of ___ small farmer in Ayrshire, was born on ___ 25th of ___ January, 1759. His parents were poor, so that Burns could not get a good education. He worked hard as ___ ploughboy. He was fond of reading and always had ___ ballad-book before him at ___ dinner. After ___ death of his father Robert and his brother and sisters took over ___ farm together. Working in ___ fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However, things became so bad on ___ farm, that ___ poet decided to go to ___ Jamaica hoping to get ___ job on ___ plantation there. Luckily some friends helped Burns to publish ___ book of poems. ___ book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to ___ Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked ___ doors of ___ rich Edinburgh houses to a peasant with such a wonderful talent. In 1788 he married Jean Armour and spent ___ peaceful and happy year. ___ rest of his life-story is ___ tale of ___ poet's hardships. ___ hard life ruined ___ poet's health, and on ___ 21st of ___ July, 1796 he died at ___ age of thirty-seven. |
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| Уживання означеного артикля | | | The Noun |