Reported Speech
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 554.
Sequence of tenses
Test
1. I knew that Mercury ( ___ ) the closest planet to the sun, but I didn't feel like answering the question.
A was
B is
C had been
2. Mike hoped that his friend ( ___ ) him with his car.
A would help
B will help
C helped
3. We didn't know the score, but we were sure their team ( ___ ) the game.
A has lost
B had lost
C lost
4. Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt ( ___ ) for five days.
A was ill
B has been ill
Chad been ill
5. The children were afraid of making any noise-Mom ( ___ ).
A was sleeping
B slept
C had been sleeping
6. He gave all his money to me because he ( ___ ) me.
A would trust
B trusted
C had trusted
7. We were told that Andrew ( ___ ) to enter that college.
A is going
B went
C was going
8. The police found out that Bob Slant ( ___ ) in London's suburbs at that time.
A had been living
B lives
C lived
9. My parents decided that we ( ___ ) my birthday on Saturday.
A would celebrate
B shall celebrate
C celebrated
10. The pupil wasn't able to do the translation because he ( ___ ) some special terms.
A hadn't known
B didn't know
C doesn't know
11. Ann hasn't been informed that the lecture ( ___ ) on Friday.
A hasn't taken place
B wouldn't take place
C won't take place
При зміні прямої мови на непряму варто дотримуватися таких правил:
1. У непрямій мові не використовуються лапки.
2. Займенники змінюються стосовно змісту.
3. Непряма мова може вводитися за допомогою «that» або ж «that» може опускатися.
He says, «I have to go». — He says (that) he has to go.
| Пряма мова Direct Speech | Непряма мова Indirect (Reported) speech |
| Present Simple He said: «I like music». | Past Simple He said (that) he liked music. |
| Present Continuous He said: «It is raining». | Past Continuous He said it was raining. |
| Past Simple She said: «I liked him». | Past Perfect She said she had liked him. |
| Present Perfect She said: «I have just seen him». | Past Perfect She said she had just seen him. |
| Past Progressive He said: «I was watching TV then». | Past Perfect Progressive He said he had been watching TV then. |
| Past Perfect He said: «I had not seen her until yesterday». | Past Perfect He said he had not seen her until the previous day. |
| Will (Shall) She said: «I will (shall) be late». | Would She said she would be late. |
| Present Perfect Continuous She said: «I have been waiting for you». | Past Perfect Continuous She said she had been waiting for him. |
| Past Perfect Continuous He said: «I had been waiting until 6 o'clock». | Past Perfect Continuous She said she had been waiting until 6 o'clock. |
| Can/May She said: «I can swim». | Could/Might She said she could swim. |
| Should, Would, Could, Might He said: «You could be right». | Should, Would, Could, Might He said I could be right. |
| Must He said: «I must do it». | Must/Had to He said he must (had to) do it. |
4. При утворенні загальних питань у непрямій мові використовується прямий порядок слів (як у стверджувальному реченні). Непряме питання приєднується до головного речення за допомогою «if» або «whether».
He asks: «Is this your book?». — He asks if (whether) this is my book.
5. При утворенні спеціальних питань досить змінити порядок слів питального речення (на прямий).
He asks: «What is this?» — He asks what this is.
6. Якщо дієслово головного речення стоїть у минулому часі (наприклад: «said»), то слід дотримуватися правила узгодження часів, тобто за необхідності змінювати видо-часову форму присудка, відповідно до таблиці, наведеної вище. Слова, що передають орієнтацію того, хто говорить у часі та просторі, можуть також змінюватися за змістом (наприклад: «here» — «there», «this» — «that», «today» — that day», «tomorrow» — «the next day», «yesterday» — «the previous day» тощо).
7. Якщо в підрядному реченні повідомляється про що-небудь добре відоме або про події, що відбуваються постійно, правило узгодження часів може не застосовуватися:
He said: «Water freezes at 0°C». — He said that water freezes at 0°C.
She said: «I have breakfast at 7 every day». — She said that she has breakfast at 7 every day.
8. Розпорядження, прохання, поради та пропозиції передаються непрямою мовою за допомогою інфінітива:
He said: «Be careful!» — He asked to be careful.
She said: «Don't cross the street». — She said not to cross the street.
She said: «Let's go». — She suggested to go (запропонувала).
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| Ex. 2. Translate from Ukrainian into English. | | | Ex. 2. Complete the direct questions. |