Ex. 1. Refer the following to the past or future. Make all the necessary changes.
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 448.
ÌÎÄÀËÜͲ IJªÑËÎÂÀ, ÙÎ ÂÈÐÀÆÀÞÒÜ ²ÌβÐͲÑÒÜ, ÏÐÈÏÓÙÅÍÍß
| ijºñëîâî | ²ç íåîçíà÷åíîþ ôîðìîþ ³íô³í³òèâà | ²ç ïåðôåêòíîþ ôîðìîþ ³íô³í³òèâà |
| MUST Âèðàæຠ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü | He must be working now. ³í, ìàáóòü, çàðàç ïðàöþº. You must be tired after your work. Âè, ìàáóòü, óòîìèëèñÿ ï³ñëÿ ðîáîòè. | He must have been working for some hours. ³í, ìàáóòü (éìîâ³ðíî), ïðàöþº âæå ê³ëüêà ãîäèí. He must have finished his work. ³í, ìàáóòü, (éìîâ³ðíî) çàê³í÷èâ ñâîþ ðîáîòó. |
| Should Ought to Âèðàæຠ³ìîâ³ðí³ñòü, ïðèïóùåííÿ. | He should be about 40. Éîìó, íàïåâíî, áëèçüêî 40. He ought to be at home. ³í, ìàáóòü,âäîìà. | The train ought to have left. Ïîòÿã, ìàáóòü, â³ä³éøîâ. |
| CAN Âèðàæຠñóìí³â (çâè÷àéíî ç çàïåðå÷åííÿì) | He can't (couldn't) have said it. Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá â³í ñêàçàâ öå. | |
| May Âèðàæຠïðèïóùåííÿ ³ç â³äò³íêîì íåïåâíîñò³ | He may be working now. Ìîæëèâî, â³í ïðàöþº çàðàç. He may be at home now. ³í, ìîæëèâî, çàðàç âäîìà. | He may have left the key on the table. ³í, ìîæëèâî, çàëèøèâ êëþ÷ íà ñòîë³. |
1. We can't allow you to leave without having a dictation.
2. You must go to the college immediately. Do you understand me?
3. There must be an error in your statement.
4. You can go to your English Club while I'm away.
5. I have to revise grammar rules every day.
6. I'm allowed to go to the picture gallery with you.
7. She may look through all the magazines at home.
8. He can't understand what she finds wrong with his pronunciation.
9. I am not able to speak Spanish, I'm so nervous.
10. She must be surprised to find mistakes in her test.
11. The guests always expect me to speak French, and I never can think of it till the party is over.
12. Now I'm able to work hard, I feel well.
13. His knowledge of English must be poor now.
14. I can't make out what you mean. Your speech is so incoherent.
15. You mustn't make a lot of mistakes in your speech.
16. She is allowed to do her homework with her sister.
17. It's raining again and I can't go to the library.
18. He must behave well at his lessons.
19. You can take any new book you want.
20. She must expect you to learn the poem by heart at once.
Ex. 2. Paraphrase the following sentences using the modal verbs can, must, may where possible. Make all the necessary changes.
1. I was never able to feel that I belonged to the modern theatre.
2. Probably the dramatist's best way to cope with this difficulty is to underwrite his parts.
3. It is unlikely that the history of English literature will give them more than a passing glance.
4. She surely has noticed the surprise with which you looked at that picture.
5. Your suggestion is reasonable enough, we are able to follow your advice.
6. She will not be able to answer your teacher's questions.
7. It seems likely that they have left their notes at home.
8. He has an opportunity to make good progress in his study of English because he worked hard.
9. Surely the girl remembers all the words.
10. Now that the exams are over we have a chance to go abroad.
11. The teacher is sure to be right. You are not ready today.
12. Do you mind my using your dictionary?
13. An acquaintance that begins with a complement is sure to develop into a real friendship.
14. Your English is quite good for a beginner. You are able to read English books in the original.
15. It is unlikely that the dramatist who is lucky enough to have been born with the faculty of putting things so that they carry across the footlights will be an original thinker.
Ex. 3. Complete the following sentences using the modal verbs can, must, may, ought to, have to, be to, should, need, dare.
| a) | 1. He knows many things about England … 2. The student who made a report … 3. Don't pay attention to what he says … 4. He knows German well, he … 5. Whatever happens … 6. It's a very interesting journal. I … 7. It is not Arnold's fault you … 8. I had no idea that … 9. After examinations I asked if we … 10. It's such a pity … 11. She lost her book and she … 12. She is so excited … 13. He came to the conclusion … 14. They do everything they … 15. In September many students of our group came back to the capital …….. 16. Though he understood that he was wrong … 17. When one is dictating one … 18. The conference is postponed … 19. Don't think that I am interfering but … 20. I've found him here, in the library … 21. I've lost a book from the library … 22. The report is too long, you … 23. He doesn't know the truth. You … 24. Is there any reason why you … ? 25. If it's a matter of opinion, I … |
| b) | 1. I can't forget that … 2. You needn't be in so much a hurry to … 3. You should never have told him … 4. I may not be able … 5. You have to be reasonable … 6. Shall I read aloud or to myself … ? 7. You mustn't think that … 8. The students didn't dare … 9. There is something you ought to know … 10. What am I to do … ? |