Introducing tones.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 539.

O o O

What's your name? pronouns (your)

Tom was right. the verb be (was)

Dogs can swim. auxiliary verbs (can)

Close the door! articles (the)

Wait and see. conjunctions (and)

Go to bed. prepositions (to)

Ex 14. Put one of the unstressed words from the box in the middle of each phrase or sentence below. Then say the phrases or sentences with this stress pattern: OoO.

1. Bring ________ here!

2. Mel's ________ nurse.

3. Whales _______ big.

4. Jane _________ drive.

5. Lots _________ eggs.

6. Pass _________ fail?

7. Have _________ bread.

8. Where's _______ bike?

Ex 15. Listen to the sentences. How many unstressed words are there between the stressed ones in each sentence? Write 0,1,2 or 3. (B61)

EXAMPLE Drink … milk (3).

1. Eat … cheese. ( )

2. That … man. ( )

3. What … name? ( )

4. What … for? ( )

5. Go … shops. ( )

6. Go … home. ( )

7. Turn … right. ( )

Every sentence in the English language has a melody, or tone. According to the meaning of what you say, your voice can go up (/) or down(\). Listen to the following conversation, paying special attention to the tone of every sentence (C63).

Sid: Shhhh! \

Joe: What? \

Sid: Bear! \

Joe: Bear? /

Sid: Bear! \

Joe: Where? \

Sid: There! \

Joe: Far? /

Sid: No! \

Joe: Near? /

Sid: Yeah! \

Joe: Run? /

Sid: Run! \

Ex 16. The responses to the pairs of sentences aand bbelow are the same, but the speaker uses a different tone. Listen and draw a line in the box to show if the voice goes up or down. (C65)

EXAMPLE

a) Let's go for the weekend. Where?

b) Let's go to Llantisiliogogogoch. Where?

1. a) I know who stole your glasses. Who?

b) It was Mickey Mumpkin. Who?

2. a) I've got some bad news for you. What?

b) I'm afraid your house has burnt down. What!

3. a) Excuse me, can you help us? Yes?

b) Can you take a photo of us

with this camera? Yes.

4. a) We're going for a picnic if you want to come. When?

b) At midnight tonight. When?

Ex 17. You will hear just the responses from ex.16. Listen and decide if it is the response to a) or b). (C66)

EXAMPLE _b__ 1. ___, 2. ____. 3. _____. 4. _____.

In conversation we often refer back to something we said before. This is ‘old' information, and the voice normally goes up in the end. We also tell the listener things we haven't mentioned before. This is ‘new' information, and the voice normally goes down at the end.

Ex 18. The responses to the pairs of sentences a) and b) below are the same, but the speaker uses a different tone in each response. Draw lines to show if you think the voice will go up or down. Then listen and check. (C80)

EXAMPLE

a) The train's cheap. The bus was cheaper.

b) Why did you take the bus? The bus was cheaper.

1. a) Was the movie good? The book was better.

b) Why did you read the book? The book was better.

2. a) What time's lunch? Lunch is at two.

b) Let's go swimming at two. Lunch is at two.

3. a) I'd like a leather one. They are all leather.

b) Why are they so expensive? They are all leather.

4. a) Let's go tomorrow. It's closed tomorrow.

b) When is it closed? It's closed tomorrow.

5. a) Where's menswear? Menswear is upstairs.

b) What's upstairs? Menswear is upstairs.

6. a) The fish is expensive. The steak's more expensive.

b) Why didn't you have steak? The steak's more expensive.

7. a) What happens if one of them breaks? They all have a guarantee.

b) This one has a guarantee. They all have a guarantee.

Letters and sounds

Consonants: [m – n - ŋ]

To make the sound [m]: Stop the gap with the lips, so air goes through nose.

To make the sound [n]: Stop the gap with tongue and tooth ridge, so air goes through nose.

To make the sound [ŋ]: Stop the gap with back of your tongue and top mouth, so air goes through nose.

Ex.1 Listen and repeat.

[ m ]

mouth mouse marmalade jump autumn

smoke comb

[ n ]

nose night snow win dinner

listen open

[ ŋ ]

king sing bank sink finger

ring strong

Ex.2 Listen and repeat the words paying special attention to sounds [m - n - ŋ].

me – knee

mine – nine

comb – cone

win – wing – wink

sin – sing – sink

ban – bang - bank

Ex.3 Practise saying the tongue twisters.

No nonsense now.

Nick is no genius.

Any news? - No news. - No news is good news.

No offence intended. – No offence taken.

I'm melting!

Must Mother make a mountain out of a molehill?

Everything's going wrong.

Stop fidgeting, it's annoying!

Anything damaging in sitting and smoking?

Some Englishmen are murdering King's English.

Ex.4 Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [ŋ]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

Start

Finish

Ex.5 Complete the conversation using the words from the box. Listen and check (A73).

Ex.6 Listen and circle the word you hear. (A74)

1. My friend likes Robin Banks / robbing banks.

2. Tom ran / rang yesterday.

3. She had a swing / swim in the garden.

4. The son warned / sun warmed me.

5. The people were singing / sinking fast.

Vowels: Diphthongs [eı], [aı], [әu]

Ex.7 Listen and repeat.

[eı]

bay plate eight grey play

[aı]

bike fly ice-cream wine kite

[әu]

boat coast bowl toast comb

Ex.8 Practise saying the tongue twisters.

At five on Fridays my wife likes to go for a drive.

I had the time of my life at the Whites.

Haste makes waste.

They waited and waited for a train, but it was late.

Oh, no, don't go home alone.

No smoking!

Ex.9 These words all contain the vowel sound [ æ ]. Make another word with the same consonant sounds, but changing the vowel sound to [eı].

EXAMPLE pan ___pain___

1. at ___________

2. mad __________

3. man __________

4. plan __________

5. tap __________

6. ran __________

7. hat __________

Ex.10 Reverse the sounds in the following words as in the example.

EXAMPLE The word knife contains the three sounds [n], [aı], [f], if you reverse the sounds, you get the word fine.

knife ___fine______

1. mile _____________

2. file ______________

3. dice _____________

4. sign _____________

5. lights ____________

6. might ____________

Ex.11 Practise the dialogue.

(Joe Jones is sleeping, but Joan woke up a few minutes ago.)

Joan: Joe! Joe! JOE! Hello!

Joe: (groans) Oh! What is it, Joan?

Joan: Look out of the window.

Joe: No. My eyes are closed,

and I'm going to go to sleep again.

Joan: Don't go to sleep, Joe. Look at the

snow!

Joe: Snow? But it's only October.

I know there's no snow.

Joan: Come over to the window, Joe.

Joe: You're joking, Joan. There's no snow.

Joan: OK. I'll put my coat on and go out and make a snowball and throw it

at your nose, Joe Jones!

Pronouncing the verb ‘to be' and auxiliary verbs

You don't normally stress ‘to be' in the middle of the sentence. Listen to this rhyme. (B 67a)

Roses are red,

Violets are blue,

Flowers are nice,

And so are you!

The word ‘is' (and ‘s) is not usually spoken as a separate syllable, it is usually joined to the syllable before, for example Snow is white. But if the word before ends with letters like S, CE, GE and CH, it is a new syllable, for example Grass is green. Listen to these examples:

Ex.12 Tick þ the sentences where ‘is' is a separate syllable. Then listen, check and repeat. (B71)

EXAMPLE

a. Lunch is ready! þ b. Dinner is ready!

1. a. The house is cold. b. The room is cold.

2. a. The taxi is here. b. The bus is here.

3. a. The beach is crowded. b. The park is crowded.

4. a. The steak is good. b. The fish is good.

5. a. The meaning is clear. b. The message is clear.

6. a. The smell is awful! b. The noise is awful!

7. Juice is good for you. b. Fruit is good for you.

Auxiliary verbs are not normally stressed in questions. The most common stress pattern for wh-questions is OooO. Listen to these examples. (B74)