CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 816.

VOWEL SOUNDS

Vowel № 12 [ə] The mouth is opened very slightly; the lips are apart, relaxed. Make a short sound with your voice.

Proverbs:

· An apple a day keeps a doctor away.

· Who chatters to you, will chatter of you.

· We never know the value of water till the well is dry.

· He that never climbed never fell.

· Man can die but once.

The quality of consonants is determined by the following three conditions:

I. The active organs of speech which form the obstruction (the place of obstruction).

II. The manner of the production of noise (the way of forming obstruction).

III. The work of the vocal chords.

(I) According to the active organs of speech consonants are divided into:

a) bilabial (the obstruction is formed by the two lips brought together):

[p], [b], [m], [w]

b) labiodental (the obstruction is formed by the lower lip being pressed against the upper teeth):

[f], [v]

c) forelingual (the obstruction is formed by the front part of the tongue):

[Ө], [ð], [t], [d], [l], [s], [z], [ ò ], [ ], [tò ], [ ]

d) mediolingual ( the front of the tongue is raised to the hard palate):

[j]

e) backlingual (the back of the tongue is raised to the soft palate):

[k], [g], [ŋ]

f) glottal (the place of obstruction is the pharynx):

[h]

(II) According to the manner of the production of noise, consonants are divided into:

a) occlusive (in making occlusive consonants the active organs of speech form a complete obstruction).They are subdivided:

1) plosives (a kind of explosion is heard)

[b], [p], [d], [t], [k], [g]

2) occlusive sonants

[m], [n], [ŋ]

b) constrictive consonants (in making them the active organs form a narrowing of the air passage). They are subdivided into:

1. fricative [f], [v], [Ө], [ð], [h], [s], [z], [ ò ], [ ]

2. constrictive sonants [j], [l], [v], [r]

c) affricates (in pronouncing these sounds the articulating organs form a complete obstruction at first and then they are slowly released forming a narrow air passage).

[ tò ], [ ]

(III) According to the work of vocal chords, consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless.

Voiced consonants: [b], [d], [g], [m], [n], [ŋ], [v], [ð], [z], [ ],[ ], [r], [j], [w], [l] ( weak).

Voiceless consonants: [p], [t], [k], [f], [Ө], [s], [ò ], [tò ] (strong).