Exercises
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 499.
1. ² Note that the sound for one and the same letter in stressed and unstressed syllables is different. Explain the morphophonemic status of the /ə/.
ba'nana /bə'na:nə/ con'form /kən'fo:m/
'comfort /'këmfət/ ca'nal /kə'næl/
'common /'komən/ 'monogram /'monəgrəm/
pre'vented /prı'ventıd/ pro'pose /prə'pəuz/
2. ² In the following pairs of related words note how the pronunciation of a morpheme changes depending on stress. Explain the morphophonemic status of /ə/.
| 'add | /æd/ | addition | /ə 'dı⌠ən/ |
| 'terror | / 'terə/ | te'rrific | /tə 'rıfık/ |
| 'family | / 'fæmılı/ | fa'miliar | /fə 'mılıə/ |
| 'relative | / 'relətıv/ | re'late | /rı 'leıt/ |
| tu'torial | /tju: 'to:rıəl/ | 'tutorship | / 'tju:tə⌠ıp/ |
| 'telegraph | / 'teləgrəf/ | te'legrapher | /tı 'legrəfə/ |
| 'telephone | / 'teləfəun/ | te'lephonist | /tı 'lefənıst/ |
| mo'notony | /mə 'notənı/ | 'monotone | / 'monətəun/ |
3. ² Practise the following words containing full quality vowels in unstressed syllables. What justifies the absense of reduction in unstressed syllables?
| /i:/ | /a:/ | /o:/ | /ju/ | /ə:/ |
| 'phoneme | 'contrast | 'corridor | 'tribune | 'network |
| 'sunbeam | 'safeguard | 'transport | 'statue | 'adverb |
| 'masterpiece | 'dairy-farm | 'football | 'attribute | 'sunburnt |
| 'concrete | 'broadcast | 'record | 'gratitude | 'bookworm |
| /ai/ | /au/ | /ıə/ | /eə/ | /uə/ |
| 'reptile | 'pronoun | 'period | 'somewhere | 'January |
| 'sunshine | 'rest-house | 'serious | 'nowhere | 'usually |
| 'sometimes | 'compound | 'curious | 'footwear | 'February |
| 'appetite | 'background | 'furious | 'thoroughfare | 'contour |
| /åə/ | /æ/ | /e/ | /o/ | /o:/ |
| where'in | am'bassador | Sep'tember | cos'metics | au'spicious |
| where'over | can'teen | sex'tet | oc'tet | au'gust |
| whe'rever | ma'scara | temp'tation | Oc'tober | au'stere |
| where'to | fan'tastic | sen'sation | lon'gevity | |
| /ə:/ | /a:/ | /ju:/ | /ı/ | /ë/ |
| ur'baine | par'take | u'nique | re'set | un'necessary |
| Ber'lin | par'tition | tu'ition | re'cycle | un'failing |
| cur'tail | bar'baric | su'perb | re'group | un'likely |
| Vir'ginie | har'monious | su'preme | re'cruit | un'limited |
- ² Compare unstressed vowels in the following pairs of words.
ma'chine /mæ'∫ın / can'teen /kæn'ti:n/
'terror /'terə/ 'corridor /'korıdo:/
'breakfast /'brekfəst/ 'contrast /'kontra:st/
'movement /'muvmənt/ 'comment /'koment/
mi'lady /mi'leıdı/ mi'nute /maı'nju:t/
'madam /'mı:leıdı/ 'programme /'ðrəugræm/
'forward /'fo: wəd/ 'safeguard /'seıfga:d/
'comfort /'këmfət/ 'transport /'trænspo:t/
5. ² Pronounce full quality vowels in various positions in relation to primary stress.
Note that the syllables with remote preceding and remote following full vowels are perceived as more prominent than adjacent preceding and adjacent following vowels. This is due to the rhythmic factor, i.e., a tendency towards the alternation of weak and strong syllables.
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