Read both versions and explain the difference between them.
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 590.
Exercises
1. ² Divide the following sentences up into rhythmic groups from:
· the proclitic point of view;
· the enclitic point of view.
· A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
· Over a quarter of a century has elapsed since his death.
· Computers consume a considerable amount of money and time.
· Most of the people present here have arrived in the bus.
· Newspaper editors are invariably underworked.
2. ² The following sentences are given in spelling and in a ‘slow, careful' phonemis transcription. Rewrite the latter as ‘broad phonetic' to demonstrate likely assimilations, elisions and linking.
a. One cause of asthma is supposed to be allergies.
/wėn ko:z əv æsӨmə ız səpəuzd tə bı ælədēız/
[ ]
b. What the urban population could use is better trains.
/wot ∂ı ə:bən popjuleıòən kud juz iz betə treınz/
[ ]
c. She acts particularly well in the first scene.
/òı ækts pa:tıkjuləlı wel ın ∂ə fə:st si:n/
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3. ² Place sentence stress marks into the passage below, then use your writings to explain how word stress and sentence stress are interconnected.
The forerunners of modern phonetics can be discerned in the middle of the nineteenth century. In 1867, A.M. Bell published Visible Speech. This book provided symbols for a greatly improved set of phonetic categories. Bell and his coworkers (who included his son, Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone) were able to write down small variations in speech sonds with an accuracy that had previously been impossible. The emergence of phonetics as an independent field can be said to date from this time. The German scholar Eduard Sievers published his book on the physiology of speech sounds in 1876; and The Handbook of Phonetics, by the great English phonetician Henry Sweet, appeared in the following year. The International Phonetic Association was formed in 1886.
4. ² Read the sentences below. Do not stress combinations ‘or so, ‘or something', ‘each other', ‘one another'. Don't stress the substitute word ‘one'.
1. He 'will come in an ‚hour or so.
2. This 'fruit will be 'red in a ‚month or so.
3. We'll 'buy a ‚coat or something to pro'tect you from the ‚cold.
4. He 'said, ‘Good ‚morning' or something, and 'went 'on with his ‚work.
5. He 'really 'wanted a 'couple of ‚books or so.
6. He was a ‚bootmaker and a ‚good one.
7. We have'never ‚quarrelled with each other.
8. The 'passengers 'seemed to ‚like one another.
5. ² Read the rhymes below observing the regular alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables according to the marks. Prove that isochrony of the rhythm can by only but relative.
a.'Jack and'Jill went'up the'hill
To'fetch a'pale of'wa'ter
'Jack fell'down and'broke his'crown
And'Jill came'tumbling'a'fter.
b.'Twinkle,'twinkle,'little'star,
'How I'wonder'what you'are.
'Up a'bove the'world so'high
'Like a'diamond'in the'sky.
c. In'winter'I get'up at'night
And'dress by'yellow'candle'light.
In'summer'quite the'other'way
I'have to'go to'bed by'day!
6. ² Place stress marks in the sentences below. Pay attention to the differentiatory function of stress in the italicised words.
1. He spoke wiht no trace of accent. The way you accent these words tells me you were not born in England. 2. That's very abstract. One can abstract several general rules from an examination of these facts. 3. He was not on the missing list. They couldn't find the missing list it's been missing for several days. 4. ‘That's what I call a silver tip', the taxi driver said contentedly. This is obviously a silver tip since no other metal would have been strong enough for the job. 5. You will need a permit in order to visit that place. The job has to be done very quickly; it does not permit of any delay. 6. We entered a very dark room. A darkroom is a place for photographic processing. 7. Who is going to refund our losses? The refund did not amount to too much but it was extremely welcome. 8. This is all the spending money you will get from me for the coming month. Spending money is easy; making it may prove more of a problem.
7. ² Read this text as a