II. PHONLOGY. THE PHONOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ENGLISH SPEECH SOUNDS

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 988.

1. Phonology.

a) The subject matter of functional phonetics.

b) The phoneme as the fundamental concept of phonology. Phonological schools.

c) Methods of phonological analysis.

2. The phoneme and its allophones.

a) Types of allophones.

b) Patterns of distribution of phonemes.

c) Distinctive oppositions and their types.

3. English consonants as units of the phonological system.

a) The inventory of the English consonantal system.

b) The basis of distinctive oppositions in the system of English consonants.

c) Disputable points concerning English affricates.

4. English vowels as units of the phonological system.

a) The inventory of the English vocalic system.

b) The basis of distinctive oppositions in the system of English vowels.

c) Disputable points concerning English diphthongs.

5. Sound alternations.

6. Types of transcription.

Tasks and exercises:

1. State which of the pairs of words below represent minimal pairs and subminimal ones:

thick –sick

bathed – base

mouth – mouse

zest – lest

marry – measure

genre – jar

daily – daisy

eel – ease

bathe – bail

2. What minimal distinctive feature makes the following oppositions phonologically relevant. State what classificatory principles can be illustrated by these groups of pairs:

leak – league

do – zoo

share – chair

thigh – shy

dock - nock

pin – bin

bean – dean

pole – coal

bad – mad

hat – hot

peck – perk

3. Match the words below to obtain minimal pairs. State the type of opposition (consonants are opposed): catch, pip, cheap, sap, he, fell, jail, lap, well, city, pair, say, sink, pity, match, rip, fail, lass, mink, cap, she, lay, heap, fair.

4. Match the words below to obtain minimal pairs. State the type of opposition (vowels are opposed): least, rip, cap, coin, said, cup, list, sad, con, bait, ripe, bet.

5. Consider the following data from Finnish:

Do [s] and [z] represent different phonemes? Do [d] and [t] represent different phonemes?

6. State the allophonic differences of the phonemes:

/t/ – take, stall, cotton, cattle, twenty, try, tea

/l/ – like, mill, cleft, always

/a:/ – tar, park, aunt, garage, yard

/ɔ:/ – stall, aught, your, yourself, yours

/r/ – rock, present, tree, dry

7. Consider the following cases of phoneme alternations and state their function:

a) find – found – found, see – saw – seen, choose – chose – chosen;

b) wants – spends – chooses, helps – finds – teaches;

c) foot – feet, mouse – mice, child – children;

d) hot – heat, long – length, wide – width, gold – gild;

e) life – live, breath – breathe, bath – bathe;

f) correct – correction, express – expression.

Recommended literature:

1. Sokolova M.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course. – M., 1991. – pp. 33-50, 51-83/ M., 1996. – pp. 39-70, 78-87, 90-100.

2. Leontyeva S.F. A Theoretical Course of English Phonetics. – M., 1970. – pp. 48-68.

3. Vassilyev V.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course. – M., 1970. – pp. 134-218.