Explain the usage of the terms and suggest equivalents.
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 605.
Practice.
| deep (semantic, conceptual) structure |
| surface (syntactic) structure |
| “semantic cases” (“semantic roles”, “case roles”) |
| actual division of the sentence |
| thematic-rhematic organization of the sentence |
| communicative intention |
| theory of speech acts |
| pragmatic utterance types (performatives, constatives, promissives, etc.) |
2. Match the names of some of the semantic roles with their definitions from The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics:
| 1) Agent (Agentive) 2) Actor 3) Object (Objective, Patient) 4) Result (Factitive) 5) Instrument (Instrumental) 6) Source 7) Goal 8) Path 9) Experiencer (Dative) 10) Benefactive/Beneficiary 11) Locative | a) a person, etc. affected by the action or state denoted by the verb b) a person, etc. who benefits from the action denoted by the verb c) the end (destination) of a movement d) the doer of the action e) the active doer of the action f) the thing made or created d) the place from which something originates e) the route f) the thing used for some purpose g) some point or location in space h) a person, etc. undergoing some process or targeted by some action |
3 Identify the semantic role of the subject in the following sentences:
1) The horse bucked the rider. 2) The rider felt the pain. 3) He underwent a heart transplant. 4) Fred is the strongest candidate. 5) The keys open the safe. 6) Fred got a birthday kiss from his Mom. 7) Jane had her hair cut. 8) Man evolved from the apes. 9) Texas is where the best hot sauce comes from. 10) Colorado is where we are going. 11) Spain is where the rain falls. 12) The storm knocked out the phone lines. 13) It is raining.
Key:
1 agent
2 experiencer
3 patient
4 theme
5 instrument
6 recipient
7 beneficiary
8 factitive
9 source
10 goal
11 locative
12 force
13 empty
| <== previous lecture | | | next lecture ==> |
| Theoretical Comment. | | | Comment on the actual division of the sentences and the means of its expression. |