Nuclear Reactor Control

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 541.

IR-100

RBMK

1. The RBMK channel-type uranium-graphite reactor operates as a single-loop system.

2. The steam produces in the core is directly fed to the turbine.

3. The reactor is located in a concrete well.

4. It is made of vertical graphite columns with central holes to house process channels and special channels.

5. Process channels house fuel elements and provide coolant flow.

6. Special channels house control and safety rods and also means of technological control system.

7. The core contains fuel cassettes.

8. Each cassette contains two fuel assemblies, each assembly consisting of 18 fuel elements.

9. Fuel elements are formed of fuel pellets enclosed in hermetical zirconium cans.

1. IR-100 is a research reactor used for training engineers for Ukrainian NPSs.

2. It is also employed for experiments and research work.

3. IR-100 is a water-cooled and water-moderated reactor with thermal output of 200 kWt.

4. Its core is a hexahedral prism filled with UO2 enriched with U235.

5. The enrichment of fresh fuel is 10 per cent.

6. The fuel assembly is made of 7 fuel rods.

7. The cooling system has two circuits, primary and secondary, and two heat exchangers.

8. The pressure in the secondary circuit is 2-3 times greater than in the primary one to prevent contamination in case of an integrity failure.

9. Experimental facilities are the heat tower, three horizontal channels, 8 vertical channels, one central experimental channel, the recoil box and pneumatic post.

10. IR-100 was put into operation in 1974.

1. Operation of reactors in based on the process of fission chain reaction of U-235.

2. Stable reactor operation depends on the multiplication factor k.

3. If k=1, the reactor is in its critical state and can operate under stationary conditions.

4. If k<1, the reactor is in the subcritical state and so the chain reaction is damped.

5. With k>1 the chain reaction is accelerated.

6. kdeviation is characterized by reactivity p.

7. For reactor stationary operation it is necessary to keep reactivity on the p=0level.

8. This may be achieved through the system of absorber rods.

9. When the control rods are inserted into the core, the neutron absorption increases.

10. When they are moved up, the neutron flux increases.

11. When the reactor is in the active state, the fuel gradually burns out.

12. When the reactivity is depleted, the reaction ceases, the rods are completely drawn up.