Exercise 2
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 443.
Make up complex sentences with adverbial clauses of concession according to the models.
1. e teaches them
[1] The conjunctions wherever, whenever, whatever and the like commonly used to join concessive subordinate clauses retain the meaning of concession when joining other types of clauses.
[2] The conjunction whence is highly literary or archaic.
[3] For whenever see Note on p. 1.
[4] The clauses connected by no sooner than, although conveying time relations, may be regarded as co-ordinate or mutually dependent. (See also sentences 15 and 17 with adverbial clauses of time of similar meaning).
[5] See note on page 2.
[6] The conjunction “because” is the most frequent of all; “because” as well as “as” is stylistically neutral, whereas the other conjunctions are usually confined to bookish style.
[7] Unlike the other conjunctions, which express cause proper “for” expresses the grounds for the conclusions made in the principal clause (îñíîâàíèå äëÿ çàêëþ÷åíèÿ) or else a cause presented as an after thought. “For” may be also regarded as a coordinating conjunction
[8] With the adverb of degree “so” or the pronoun “such” the word order in the principal clause may be inverted.
[9] The verbs “can” and “may” are frequent in adverbial clauses of purpose; “should” with the non-perfect infinitive is common in clauses of negative meaning.
[10] The use of the oblique mood form of the type “be”, “say” is rare.
[11] To distinguish between the clauses see whether or not the principal clause expresses a deliberate action (öåëåíàïðàâëåííîå äåéñòâèå); in case the clauses are joined by “that” take into account the presence of the correlated words “so” and “such” in the principal clause.
[12] To distinguish between the clauses see whether or not the principal clause expresses a deliberate action and whether the conjunctions “lest” and “for fear” have a negative meaning.
[13] The perfect form is used here to express a highly unreal action simultaneous to the action of the principal clause; this use of the perfect form is rare.
[14] The form of the oblique mood “was” instead of “were” is common in colloquial English.
[15] The model with the indicative mood is less common than Model 1 and is confined to colloquial English.
[16] When “would” is used in the adverbial clause of condition it is a modal verb (see exercise 1 above).
[17] “should” + infinitive usually refers the action to the future (which can also be done by means of the modal verb “may”).
| <== previous lecture | | | next lecture ==> |
| Exercise 1 | | |