Imperative

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 593.

Questions

Modals

Past

Present

КОСВЕННАЯРЕЧЬИСОГЛАСОВАНИЕВРЕМЁН

GRAMMAR

(REPORTED SPEECH WITH BACKSHIFT)

I. Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени, то в косвенной речи время глагола изменяется в соответствии с правилом согласования времён:

Present Simple => Past Simple

Present Continuous => Past Continuous

Present Perfect => Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous => Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple => Past Perfect

Past Continuous => Past Perfect Continuous

Вспомогательный глагол будущего времени will заменяется на would.

“I write.” he wrote.

“I'm writing.” He said/told me … he was writing.

“I've written.” he had written.

“I've been writing.” he had been writing.

“I wrote.” he had written.

He said/told me …

“I was writing.” he had been writing.

“I will/would.” he would.

“I can/could.” He said/told me … he could.

“I must.” he had to.

“Do you work here?” if I worked there.

“When are you leaving?” He asked me … when I was leaving.

“Have you been to Rome?” if I had been to Rome.

_________________________________________________________________________

“Come to my office.” He told me … to come to his office.

Примечание.

1. PastSimpleиPastContinuousвкосвеннойречимогутоставатьсябезизменения, когдауказано время совершения действия.

He said, “I began to learn English in 2013” He said that he began to learn English in

2013.

2. В разговорной речи все времена могут оставаться без изменения.

3. Не меняется время, и если утверждение до сих пор в силе.

“I'll always love you,” she said. Shesaidshewillalwayslovehim.

II. Заменяются также некоторые наречия и местоимения.

this заменяется that

these на those

now then

today that day

tonight that night

tomorrow the next day

yesterday the day before

ago before

last week the week before

next week the following week

next year the following year

herethere

III. Способы передачи косвенной речи

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

1) утверждения и отрицания

“I like him,” she said. She said she liked him.

“I'm seeing him this evening,” she said. She said she was seeing him that evening.

“I'm not tired,” he said to her. He told her he wasn't tired.

2) специальныевопросы

“How many channels are there?” he asked. He asked how many channels there were.

My friend asked, “What are you reading?” My friend wondered what I was reading.

3) общиевопросы

“Do you live in Moscow?” she asked me. She asked me if I lived in Moscow.

“Is satellite television very popular?” he asked. He asked whether satellite television

was popular.

4) повелительное наклонение, просьбы, предложения и т.п.

“Can you close the door, please?” he said. He asked me to close the door.

“Wait here,” he said. He told me to wait there.

5) глаголы, вводящиекосвеннуюречь:

say, tell smb, add, explain, complain, continue, inform, insist, note, mention, answer, reply, think, remind,ask, wonder,order, offer, promise, refuse, warn, agree, encourage, persuade, accept, refuse