Exercise 2
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 822.
Do it in English:
Государства и отдельные граждане сталкиваются с одними и теми же экономическими вопросами:
1. Какие товары и услуги производить?
2. Каким образом их производить?
3. Кто их будет потреблять?
4. Сколько производить для насущного потребления, сколько – на будущее?
Продукция (товары и услуги) вырабатывается в результате потребления вводимых факторов (ресурсы), которые иногда называют факторами производства. Этими факторами являются земля, рабочая сила и капитал. Проблемы возникают из-за того, что наши желания и потребности беспредельны, а ресурсы ограничены. Распределение ресурсов связано с конкретным использованием земли, рабочей силы и капитала.
Студентам также приходится делать выбор относительно личных расходов и сбережений. Разумные молодые люди учатся вырабатывать приемлемый личный бюджет. Для начала они записывают свои реальные ежемесячные доходы и расходы. К доходам причисляются различные пособия, временные доходы от выполнения каких-либо поручений, проценты от сбережений и т.д. Очень важно учесть, сколько тратится на еду, развлечения, одежду, учебные принадлежности, личную гигиену, транспорт и прочие мелочи. Следует помнить о разнице между постоянными, колеблющимися и необязательными расходами, чтобы иметь возможность корректировать бюджет, если значительный перерасход средств будет обнаружен.
And here is another dilemma for prosperous parents of university students: should they insist that their children learn to live on their student grants plus whatever they can earn during the holidays – or do they give them money to buy the clothes and electronic equipment they want?
Glossary
| allocate v | distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purposе |
| allowance n | · the amount of something that is permitted, especially within a set of regulations or for a specified purpose · a sum of money paid regularly to a person to meet needs or expenses · a small amount of money given regularly to a child by its parents |
| chart n | a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram |
| consume v | · eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink) · use up (a resource) · buy (goods or services) |
| consumer n | a person who purchases goods and services for personal use |
| demand n demand v | · an act of demanding; claim · the desire of people for particular goods or services; the ability and willingness of people to pay for them · to ask for firmly and not be willing to accept a refusal; claim as if by right · to need urgently |
| develop v | to come or bring gradually to a larger, more complete or more advanced state; (cause to) grow or increase |
| earn v | to get (money) by working |
| expense n expenses n | cost in money, time or effort the money used or needed for a purpose |
| goods n consumer goods capital goods perishable goods | articles for sale goods that are used for personal use goods that are used to produce other items goods cannot be stored for any length of time without going bad |
| income n | money which one receives regularly, usually as payment for one's work or interest from investments |
| need n | · the condition in which something necessary, desirable or very useful is missing or wanted · a necessary duty; what must be done; obligation · something one wants or must have · the state of not having enough food or money |
| to meet needs | to satisfy wants |
| produce n produce v producer n | something that had been produced to make (goods for sale) especially in large quantities a person, company or country that produces goods, foods or materials |
| provide v | to cause or arrange for (someone) to have or use (something useful or needed); supply |
| reduce v | to make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc. |
| record n record v | a written statement of facts, events, etc. to write down (a description or piece of information) so that it will be known in the future |
| satisfy v satisfy wants satisfaction | · to please (someone) esp. by giving them enough · to be or give enough for; fulfill to meet needs · (something that gives) a feeling of happiness or pleasure · fulfillment of a need, desire, etc. |
| serve v service n | · to do work (for); give service (to) · to provide with something necessary or useful · attention to customers in a shop or esp. to quests in a hotel, restaurant etc. · (the operation) of a business or organization doing useful work or supplying a need |
| settle v . settle into something | · to decide on; fix; make the last arrangements about · to bring (a matter) to an agreement to get used to (new surroundings, a new job, etc.) |
| supply n supply v | · an amount for use · (a system of) the supplying of something needed · to provide (something that is needed) · to provide things to (a person) for use |
| scarcity n | a state of being scarce; lack |
Topics for the Power Point presentations:
1. Economic environment. Goods and services
2. Economic activity. Producers and consumers.
3. Major economic questions.
4. Different kinds of resources and the importance of scarcity.
5. Communication skills: formulas of etiquette.
6. A personal expense chart.
7. A personal budget.
8. A monthly budget.
9. Regular and irregular income.
10. Fixed, optional and flexible expenses.
11. The problem of pocket money in British versus Russian families.
12. Who control the money coming into the families?
13. Money management in Russian versus foreign households.
| OPPORTUNITY COSTS & TRADEOFFFS |
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| Exercise 1 | | | Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups; make use of the prompts in brackets. |