Part 2. Oceans
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 384.
Brazil
Area: 3 286 488 sq. miles
(8 511 965 km2)
Population: 150 368 000
Capital: Brasilia (pop. with suburbs
1 568 000)
Other cities: Sâo Paulo 16 832 000;
Rio de Janeiro 11 141 000;
Belo Horizonte 3 446 000
Highest point: Neblina 9 888 ft. (3 014 m)
Official language: Portuguese
Religion: Christianity
Currency: Cruzeiro
Main exports: Coffee, soya beans,
fruit, iron, and steel, vehicles
Government: Multiparty federal republic
Per capita GNP: U.S. $2550
Key-word plan:
1. ... is situated on/in ...
2. ... is washed by ... from ...
3. ... borders on ... in ...
4. The area of the country is ... square kilometers.
5. The capital of the country is ...
6. The state/official language(s) is (are) ...
7. The highlands are in the ...
The highest mountain is ...
It is ... meters high.
8. The lowlands are ...
a. along the coast
b. in the west/south/east/north
c. in the central part of the country
9. There are many/a few/no rivers in the country.
The longest river is ...
It is … km long.
It flows into the ...
10. There are many/a few/no lakes in ...
The biggest lake is ...
It is ... square kilometers.
The water in it is warm/cold/fresh/salt.
11. For exporting abroad the country produces the following goods:
12. Under the rule of its … government the country's GNP is … US dollars per capita.
Exercise 10. Using the geographical map and the information given about a country describe orally geographical position of it with a help of the key-word plan given above (See Student's Individual Task: Unit 1., Part 1., Ex. 1.)
Exercise 11. In a form of a round table ask each other questions about geographical position of the following countries:
Belgium ['beldჳəm], China ['t∫ainə], Egypt ['i:dჳipt], Finland ['finlənd], Greece [gri:s], Libya ['libiə], the Netherlands [ðə 'neðələndz], Poland ['pəulənd], Pakistan [‚pa:ki'sta:n], Spain [spein], Sweden ['swi:dn], Tanzania [‚tænzə'niə]
1. Where is … situated in/on?
2. What seas is/ are … washed by?
3. What countries does … border on?
4. What is the area of …?
5. What is the population of …?
6. What is the capital of …?
7. What is the official language of …?
8. Are there any lowlands in …? Where are they?
9. Are there any highlands in …? Where are they?
10. What is the highest mountain in …?
11. Are there any deserts in …? Where are they?
12. Are there any rivers in …? What river is the longest?
13. Are there any lakes in …? What lake is the biggest?
14. What are the main exports of …?
15. What is the amount of GNP per capita in …?
Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:
Vocabulary:
monsoon [mɔn'su:n] – ìóññîí, äîæäëèâûé ñåçîí
violent ['vaiələnt] – ñèëüíûé
trade route [ru:t] – òîðãîâûé ìàðøðóò
ancient times ['ein∫(ə)nt] – äàâíèå âðåìåíà
trench [trent∫] – âïàäèíà
volcanic mountains [vɔ'lkænik] – âóëêàíè÷åñêèå ãîðû
coral reefs – êîðàëëîâûå ðèôû
submarine – ïîäâîäíûé
moisture ['mɔist∫ə] – âëàæíîñòü, ñûðîñòü, âëàãà
ultimate site [' ëltimit sait] – ñàìûé îòäàë¸ííûé ìåñòî
deposition [‚depə'zi∫(ə)n] – îòëîæåíèå, îñàäîê, ìåñòîðîæäåíèå
sediment ['sedimənt] – îñàäî÷íàÿ ïîðîäà
shallow ['∫æləu] – ìåëêèé, ìåëêîâîäíûé
gently sloping – ïëàâíî ñêëîíÿþùèéñÿ
shelf – ðèô, îòìåëü, øåëüô
trench [trent∫] – âïàäèíà, óãëóáëåíèå
ridge [ridჳ] – ãðåáåíü ãîðû, ãîðíûé õðåáåò
submarine [‚sëbmə'ri:n] – ïîäâîäíûé
earthquake ['ə:θkweik] – çåìëåòðÿñåíèå
offset ['ɔfset] – îòâåòâëåíèå; òå÷åíèå, òåêóùåå ïðî÷ü îò áåðåãà
transform fault [træns'fɔ:m fɔ:lt] – èçìåí¸ííûé ðàçëîì
formation [fɔ:'mei∫(ə)n] – îáðàçîâàíèå, ôîðìèðîâàíèå
crust [krëst] – êîðà Çåìëè
crustal ['krëstl] – îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê êîðå Çåìëè
submerged [səb'mə:dჳd] – ïîãðóæ¸ííûé â âîäó, çàòîïëåííûé
density ['densiti] – ãóñòîòà, ïëîòíîñòü
salinity [sə'liniti] –ñîë¸íîñòü
saline ['seilain] – ñîë¸íûé
dense [dens] – ïëîòíûé, ñæàòûé
circulation [‚sə:kju'lei∫(ə)n] – êðóãîâîðîò, öèðêóëÿöèÿ
rotation [rəu'tei∫(ə)n] – âðàùåíèå
current ['kërənt] – ñòðóÿ, ïîòîê, òå÷åíèå
route [ru:t] – êóðñ, íàïðàâëåíèå
similar ['similə] – ïîäîáíûé, ïîõîæèé
throughout ['θru:aut] – ÷åðåç, ïî âñåìó,
íà âñ¸ì ïðîòÿæåíèè
depth [depθ] – ãëóáèíà
corresponding [‚kɔres'pɔndiŋ] – ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé
bulge [bëldჳ] – ïóçûðè/ êðóãè íà âîäå
attraction of the moon [ə'træk∫(ə)n əv ðə mu:n] –
ïðèòÿæåíèå ëóíû
outward ['autwəd] – âíåøíèé, íàðóæíûé, ïîâåðõíîñòíûé
motion ['məu∫(ə)n] – äâèæåíèå, ïðîöåññ
uppermost part [' ëpəməust pa:t] – ñàìàÿ âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü
bottom ['bɔtəm] – äíî
to diffuse [tə di'fju:z] – ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü, ðàññåèâàòü
ditch [dit∫] – âûåìêà, êîòëîâàí, òðàíøåÿ
scientist – ó÷¸íûé
to discover [tə dis'këvə] – äåëàòü îòêðûòèå
grave [greiv] – ìîãèëà
perfect condition – îòëè÷íîå ñîñòîÿíèå
sample ['sæmpl] – îáðàçåö
skin – êîæà
incredible discovery – íåâåðîÿòíîå îòêðûòèå
lead poisoning [led 'pɔizəniŋ] – îòðàâëåíèå
ñâèíöîì
food tin – áàíêà êîíñåðâîâ
to affect – îêàçûâàòü âëèÿíèå
brain [brein] – ìîçã
decision [di'siჳ(ə)n] – ðåøåíèå
Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
A. Nouns:
1. moisture a. movement on the surface of water
2. shelf b. chosen way
3. trench c. liquid diffused as vapour or condensed in drops
4. earthquake d. flow of water or air in one direction
5. current e. distance downwards, length to the bottom
6. route f. violent vibration of the earth's surface
7. depth g. gravitation
8. bulge h. coastal shallow line of the ocean
9. attraction i. the lowest or the deepest part of something
10. bottom j. long narrow deep ditch or part of the ocean
B. Adjectives:
2. shallow b. being salty
3. crustal c. being in the highest position
1. ultimate a. not deep
4. saline d. being the part of the Earth's surface
5. outward e. the furthest
6. uppermost f. being on the surface
Exercise 2. Practice the reading of the following expressions and translate them into Russian:
a major role, over 70 percent of the earth's surface, gently sloping continental shelves, the average ocean depth, ocean floor, dry land, submarine mountain chains, earthquake activity, crustal rocks, volcanic islands, sea level
Exercise 3. Read the text “The Oceans” and find in it the words according to their definitions given below to fill in the crossword:
| O | ||||||||
| C | ||||||||
| E | ||||||||
| A | ||||||||
| N |
- a lower surface of a room or any other site
- connected series of things
- a group of plants or animals related closely
- something hidden under water
- a piece of land surrounded by water
Exercise 4. Read the text once again and decide true or false are the statements given below:
| <== previous lecture | | | next lecture ==> |
| Geographical Position of Brazil | | | The Oceans |