PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 542.

UNIT 1

Check

Exercise 6. a) Do you know how people communicate? Read these two texts and find out the advantages and disadvantages of oral and written communications.

Oral communications Whenever you speak to somebody, or somebody speaks to you, you are communicating orally. Oral means spoken, and speech is the most common method of communication. Most oral communications take place either face to face or over the telephone. Although we talk to people every day, being able to communicate orally is a skill that must be learned and practised. Using the telephone is more difficult than speaking face to face, and many people are uncomfortable about making telephone calls, although this is becoming less so through the widespread use of mobile telephones. One of the main problems with telephone communications is that when you talk to someone on the telephone, you cannot see their response or facial expressions. It is especially important, therefore, to listen carefully to what the other person is saying and the way they say it - their tone of voice and the words they use. However, technological developments such as videophones are overcoming this problem. Oral communications are quick and direct between the person communicating the message and the person receiving it. They also offer an opportunity for discussion and for instant feedback to check that the content of the communication has been understood. The main problem with oral communications is that there is no permanent record. While most oral communications are between individuals on a one-to-one basis, either face to face or at a distance (e.g. by telephone), there are times when it is appropriate for several people to communicate with each other at a meeting. Modern telephone conferencing facilities also mean that that it is possible for several people who may be at different locations to discuss matters over the telephone.

Written communications The most common types of written communications are letters, written for external communications, and memos (short for memoranda), used for internal communications. Business letters and memos are more formal than the letters you write to your friends, although they serve the same basic purpose - to communicate a message. An advantage of written communications is that they are permanent records of the communication. They can be referred to later if required, and read at leisure, which means that they can contain information that may take longer to digest and understand, such as figures and technical data. Pictures, tables, graphs and diagrams can also be included in written communications. Other forms of written communications are used in business for various purposes. These include: reports, financial documents, advertisements, notices, customer and product information. Written communications should be: • accurate - everything should be checked, including all facts, spelling and grammar • clear - the person writing the message must know what they want to say.before they begin to write it down, and the person reading the document should be able to understand its content immediately • simple - short words and sentences are more effective and have more impact than long ones • complete - a document which leaves a message unfinished or leaves out a vital piece of information will fail in its purpose.

b) Put the advantages and disadvantages of oral and written communications in the table after the texts.

Note: you may copy your variants from the texts and put them in the table.

Oral communications	Written communications
advantages	disadvantages	advantages	disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.

Exercise 7. As you know using information technology can improve the effectiveness of oral and written communications. Read the text and put the correct words from the box in the text.

network, personal computers, mobile telephones, tool, fax machines, information, Internet, modem, telephone line, communications

Communications and information technology

Advances in information technology over recent years have led to radical new forms of communication. These include:

• ____1____- which transmit written text, graphics, charts and photographs quickly anywhere in the world

• ____2____- which can be carried by people at all times so that they can keep in touch with their place of work

• ___3___with modems and software for sending e-mail, which may consist of text, graphics and even sounds, depending on the capabilities of the sender's and receiver's computers.

Businesses with several computer terminals can link these to a ___4____or intranet, so that each computer can exchange ___5_____with the others and even access information held on their hard drives. Employees' home computers may be networked to their employer's internet so that they can communicate with, and access information stored on, computers at their workplace, using a__6___and telephone line.

The ___7___is a worldwide network of high-speed computers permanently linked to provide and exchange information. Anyone with a personal computer and a modem connected to a ___8____can connect to the Internet via an Internet Service Provider. The number of computers connected to the Internet is vast, and growing daily, as is the amount and variety of information that can be obtained. The Internet is an invaluable _9__for businesses, which can use it for____10___, marketing their products, providing customer and technical support, inviting customer feedback and so on.

Answers

Key: 1. fax machines. 2. mobile telephones. 3. personal computers. 4. network. 5. information. 6. modem. 7.Internet. 8. telephone line. 9. tool. 10. communications.

Exercise 8. Look through the list of technological inventions in the field of communication. Match the advantages and disadvantages to each invention and put your variants in the table. Some may be used more than once.

The list of advantages and disadvantages

1) easy to use

2) not everybody can afford one

3) access to all kinds of information

4) may lose social skills/become isolated

5) instant information about world issues

6) people may ring at inconvenient time

7) can be contacted at any time

8) children may access unsuitable information

9) faster than sending letters by post

10) poor reception in certain areas

Technological inventions	Advantages	Disadvantages
the Internet
e-mail
radio/television
mobile phone
fax machine
telephone

Test 1

Task 1. Read the article below about the importance of communication in business.

· Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D in the table.

· For each question 1-10, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer column.

· There is an example at the beginning (0).

Business communication

One of the most important features in any business is communication. Good communications are required at all .. ..(0).A.. of the business process. Businesses employ and are owned and run by various groups of people. Workers, directors and shareholders are three important groups closely . . .(1). . . with a business. Other influential groups include customers, suppliers and the government.

Communication . . .(2). . . between these groups and the individuals who make up the groups. Within . . .(3). . . companies internal communications occur at and between the various levels. Directors communicate with one another concerning the company's overall strategy. They . . .(4). . . managers of their plans, and the managers then communicate with the other employees. . . .(5). . . are conducted concerning pay and working conditions. Managers communicate decisions and orders and try to . . .(6). . . morale and motivation through good communication. Employees . . .(7). . . communicate with each other, for example, over production and wages.

External communication occurs when a company's directors or employees communicate with those individuals and groups who . . .(8). . . with the company. Shareholders receive copies of the company's annual accounts, together with the . . .(9). . . of the Chairman and Directors. Government departments require statistical and financial information from the company. An advertising agency is . . .(10). . . about the company's advertising policies. Customers need to know if goods have not been dispatched and suppliers contacted if their goods have not been delivered. Reliable and effective communication is one of the key elements which leads to efficient management of a company.

#	A	B	C	D	Answers
	stages	grades	parts	degrees	stages
	implicated	committed	involved	interested
	takes place	takes in	takes over	takes hold
	singular	lone	individual	unique
	reply	show	acquaint	inform
	interrogations	questions	negotiations	interviews
	grow	mount	gain	improve
	besides	also	such	like
	cope	engage	deal	relate
	files	reports	articles	profits
	enquired	prepared	consulted	warned

Check T1.

Key: 1. C. 2.A. 3.C. 4.D. 5.C. 6. D. 7.B. 8. C. 9.B. 10.C.

Task 2. Match the beginnings of the sentences below with their endings:

1. Communications are used … 2. You must communicate with your teachers… 3. And you will need to communicate with the examiner at the end of the course, … 4. People communicate with each other in many ways, … 5. Communications are only effective if the receiver … 6. Many businesses and functions within businesses have their own jargon… 7. Physical barriers include … 8. Internal communications are communications… 9. External communications are communications…

a. …in order to get through your course successfully.

b. …to pass on information, give instructions, check and receive feedback on activities, and to discuss matters of interest or concern.

c. … if you are going to pass!

d. … actually receives and understands the message the sender intends.

e. … by talking face to face or over the telephone, or by sending e-mails and letters.

f. … noise in a factory where a meeting or conversation is taking place, interference on a telephone line.

g. … which uses words that have other meanings in everyday language.

h. …with people outside the organisation.

i. … between people in the same organisation.

Put your answer in the following table.

Check T2.

Task 3. How do people communicate? What methods of communication do you know? Write your answers in the box and then characterise communications.[О4]

……..communications	……… communications

Check T3

Task 4. In some large organisations internal communication is not effective.

1. What is meant by effective communication? ______

2. Why might communication problems occur? ______

3. Explain how any two problems of internal communication could be overcome. ______

Check T4.

Task 5. Put main four means of information technology in the table.

#	means of information technology

[О1]In this unit you will learn about the different types of communication used in business.

[О2] 10

[О3] Change the colour of the picture after the table.

[О4] See Exercise 6

Topic for Communication:Getting to Know Each Other

Language Use: Greeting, addressing and introducing people

Grammar Focus: To be, to have

<== previous lecture	\|	next lecture ==>
Unit 18 Byzantine Empire	\|	Ex. 2. Find out about your groupmates (their birthplace, nationality, age, family, etc.). Use the following dialogues as models.

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