Sequence of Tenses
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 525.
GRAMMAR: Reported Speech. Sequence of Tenses
B. Complete the following sentences using one of the words from the table.
A. Complete the table.
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE |
| 1) to compéte (with) 2) to confront 3) to collaborate 4) to control 5) _________ 6) to achieve | competítion confrontation collaboration _________ encouragement _________ | compétitive _________ _________ controlling encouraging achieving |
1. It was a great _____ to win the company's prize for excellence. 2. This is a really difficult job at times. I'd like a bit of _____ from my boss occasionally. 3. I hate having meetings with Alan. He's always aggressive and _____. 4. I don't like working on my own, I need other people to _____ with. 5. It's impossible to _____ events, but you can influence them.
Direct speech – Tom said "I am (I'm) feeling ill."
Reported speech – Tom said (that) he was feeling ill.
| He lives in New York. I thought that he lived in New York (живет). | Одновременное действие |
| She is sleeping. I knew that she was sleeping (спит). | Одновременное действие |
| Не bought a new car. I heard that he had bought a new car (купил). | Предшествующее действие |
| He will send us a letter. I supposed that he would send us a letter (отправит). | Последующее действие |
a. Say and tell
If you say who you are talking to, use tell:
— Tom told me (that) he didn't like Nick.
Otherwise use say:
— Tom said (that) he didn't like Nick.
You have to say:
— Tom told us (or me / them / Ann etc.) about his trip to America.
If you don't say who he told, you have to say:
— Tom talked (or spoke) about his trip to America.
b. Sometimes time and place words from direct speech have to be changed in reported speech, depending on the context.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| ... ago | ... before |
| this ... | that... |
| here | there |
| last year | the year before |
| next... | the following.. |
— We're leaving for London tomorrow. (direct) → Kate said they were leaving for London the next day. (reported)
— It's here. (direct) → He said it was there. (reported)
c. We use the infinitive in reported speech for orders and requests:
He said,
 He told me
He asked me
| "Keep quiet! Don't make noise!" to keep quiet and not to make noise. |
d. When a question is reported, the word order changes.
| direct speech | The policeman said to me, "Have you got a driving licence? |
| reported speech | The policeman asked me if (or whether) I had a driving licence. |
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| Word building | | | Rewrite each sentence in reported speech, using a verb from the list below. |