Read the following information and find the answers to the following

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 456.

Terms

adaptation

mentality

visualizing

adaptation techniques

concise words

familiar words

acronyms

idiomatic phrases

good judgment

word precision

Unit 5. NON-DISCIMINATTORY WRITING.

questions:

1. What is non-discriminatory language?

2. Is discrimination a serious problem?

3. What types of discrimination can be found in writing?

4. What are the reasons of discriminatory writing?

5. What effect may it have on the reader?

6. How can you avoid discrimination in writing?

Although discriminatory words are not directly related to writing clarity, the review of words selection wouldn't be complete without some mention of them. By discriminatory words we mean words that do not treat all people equally and with respect. They are words that refer negatively to groups of people, such as by sex, race, nationality, age, or disability. Such words run contrary to acceptable views of fair play and human decency. They have no place in business communication. We can eliminate discriminatory words from our vocabularies by examining them carefully and placing ourselves in the shoes of those to whom they refer.

Avoiding Sexist Words. Sexist words are the words that discriminate against a person because of his or her sex. Though discrimination can be both against women and men, most instances involve discrimination against women for the English language developed in a male dominated society. For the reasons of fair play, one should avoid sexist words. Usually it is not difficult to substitute appropriate expressions. It is nonetheless important to select a relevant and accurate alternative. One can: a) replace the masculine pronouns (he, his, him when referring to both sexes with plural pronouns), b) substitute the masculine pronouns with any of number of neutral expressions (he or she, he/she, s/he, you, one, a person), c) reword a sentence to eliminate the offending words.

Avoiding words that stereotype by race or nationality. Words that stereotype by race or nationality are especially unfair. It is unfair to suggest that Jews are misery, that Italians are mafia members, that Hispanics are lazy, and blacks can do only menial jobs, and so on. Also unfair are words suggesting that a minority member has to struggle to achieve something that is taken for granted in the majority group. Some well-intended expressions can carry subtle discriminatory messages. Such can be the references to “an energetic Puerto-Rican”, or “generous Jew”, or “a hardworking black”. To eliminate unfair references you must treat all people equal and be sensitive to the effect of your words.

Avoiding words that stereotype by age. Your sensitivity in not discriminating should be extended to include by age –both against the old and the young. The words that label people as young or old can arouse negative reaction. Be sensitive with such terms as mature, elderly, golden ager. It is much fairer to call the young as a young person, a young man, and a young woman.

Avoiding words that typecast those with disabilities. People with disabilities are likely to be sensitive to discriminatory words. Common sense tells us not discriminate these people. One needs to avoid derogatory labels, slang words, apologetic or patronising attitude. You must work to develop a non-biased attitude, and show it through carefully chosen words.

2. Below are the list of occupation terms and some other words with MAN