English – Russian translation

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 490.

TRANSLATION

1. A meteorologist is a person who studies the atmosphere. Meteorology is divided into a number of specialized sciences. Physical meteorology deals with the physical aspects of the atmosphere, such as the formation of clouds, rain, thunderstorms, and lightning.

2. Scientific knowledge in Egypt and Mesopotamia was chiefly of a practical nature, with little rational organization. Among the first Greek scholars to seek the fundamental causes of natural phenomena was the philosopher Tales, in the 6^th century BC, who introduced the concept that the earth was a flat disk which floated on the universal element, water.

3. The scientific discoveries of Newton and the philosophical system of the French mathematician and philosopher Reno Descartes provided the background for the materialistic science of the 18th century, in which life processes were explained on a physicochemical basis.

4. In 1927 the German physicist Werner Heisenberg formulated the so-called uncertainty principle, which held that limits existed on the extent to which, on the subatomic scale, coordinates of an individual event can be determined.

5. Throughout history, scientific knowledge has been transmitted chiefly through written documents, some of which are more than 4000 years old. From ancient Greece, however, no substantial scientific work survives from the period before the geometrician Euclid's Elements (circa 300 BC).

(From different sources)