Text 1D. Sport in My Life 9 page
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 387.
7. Sports activities and healthy lifestyle are actively promoted at ….
8. The employees of Baranovichi “Atlant” Ltd. take part in ….
9. The best division is awarded ….
10. One way to reveal the sporting potential of Belarusian people is ….
Ex. 2. Look through the text once more and write about the sports events
included in the round-the-year competitions at Baranovichi “Atlant” Ltd.
Task 6. Learn the following sports management terms you will need to understand Text 3 D
.
1. non-governmental association общественное объединение
2. statute n устав
3. Olympic Charter Олимпийская хартия
4. Executive Committee Исполнительный комитет
5. Executive Committee Bureau Бюро Исполкома
6. revenue n доход
7. patronage n патронаж
8. commercial item здесь: товар, изделие
9. donation n пожертвование
10.licensing лицензирование
11.permanent commission постоянная комиссия
Task 7. Read Text 3 D to find answers to the questions given before each
paragraph.
Text 3 D. The National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Belarus
1. What is the National Olympic Committee of Belarus?
The National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Belarus was established on March 22, 1991. It is a non-governmental association, the Statute and role of which follows the Olympic Charter and the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Physical Culture and Sport”. It was officially recognized at the 101st IOC Session held in Monaco in September 1993.
2. What is the main task of the NOC of Belarus?
The main task of the NOC of Belarus is to select Belarusian athletes and teams for the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, to make all the arrangements for getting teams there, to work with the governing bodies and sponsors, to train the athletes for the Games.
3. Where does the NOC of Belarus receive funding from?
The NOC receives some funding from the International Olympic Committee but mainly it is financed through its marketing programmes, the licensing of the use of its logo on commercial items, the construction of dwelling houses for athletes and coaches, the donations made by sponsors, the revenue from the functioning of sports facilities.
4. What are the main structures of the Belarusian NOC?
In accordance with the Olympic Charter the following structures were formed: the NOC Executive Committee (13 members), the Executive Committee Bureau and 10 Permanent Commissions. The Commissions are headed by the NOC Executive Committee Members.
5. What activities does the NOC of Belarus support?
True to the Olympic ideal NOC supports not only high level sport. Under its patronage various sports events, competitions, sporting festivals are annually organized in Belarus. The most popular are the “Olympic Day Run” and “The Olympians Are Among Us” Festival with thousands of participating children – the future of Belarusian sport.
Post-reading tasks
Task 1. Find a key sentence in each paragraph.
Task 2. Entitle each paragraph.
Task 3. Write the summary of the text following the outline:
– the main task of the NOC;
– the main structures of the NOC;
– the funding of the NOC;
– the activities the NOC supports.
Task 4. Look through texts A, B, C, D again. Write down the answers to the following questions to form the topic “Sports in the Republic of Belarus”.
1. What sporting traditions do Belarusian people have?
2. Why was the 18th century a decisive period in the development of physical
activities in Belarus?
3. Who initiated the development of competitive sport in Belarus?
4. What are the priorities for the present-day Belarus?
5. How many sports are played in Belarus? What are the most popular ones?
6. What training facilities are there in Belarus?
7. How are physical education and sports financed in Belarus?
8. How is sports of the disabled developed in Belarus?
9. What is the international sports record of Belarus?
10. How is Sports for All promoted in Belarus?
Check Up Your Skills
1. Put the words and word combinations in one of the boxes below:
skating stadium; checkers; fencing; swimming-pool; equestrian sport; sports boarding school; health-improvement centre; aerials; bodybuilding gym; sailing; ice-rink; velodrome; yachting; rifle shooting; power-lifting
| Sports events | Sports facilities |
II. Match the nouns to the verbs and translate the word combinations:
| A | win | 1. physical condition | |
| B | allocate | 2. attention (on) | |
| C | focus | 3. funds | |
| D | keep | 4. top performance | |
| E | demonstrate | 5. recognition |
III. Circle the correct adjective or adverb:
1. Did you get your exam results, Ann?
Yes, I did really good / well.
2. Shall we go swimming, Alex?
Yes, why not. It's very warm / warmly today.
3. Did you go jogging yesterday?
No. It was raining heavy / heavily, so I stayed in.
4. Nick jumps very highly / high.
Yes, his coach thinks very high / highly of him.
5. During the last championship Mike was bad / badly injured. It was the worst injury in his sports career.
IV. Choose the correct form of the adjectives in the following sentences:
1. His younger son doesn't want to be a coach like his ….brother
a) older; b) elder; c) eldest
2. John didn't do as … as Helen in the exam.
a) better; b) good; c) best
3. Have you heard the … news? The Belarusian football Olympic team have qualified for the London Olympics.
a) last; b) latest; c) least
4. We don't have any information about his … life after he retired from competitions. a) further; b) farther: c) farthest
5. The … he practises, the … he performs.
a) many; b) much; c) more
a) good; b) better; c) best
V. Complete the sentences with the missing parts:
| twice as than half as as … as not so … as |
| 1. This athlete is getting old. He can't work … hard … he used to. 2. These training shoes are almost … expensive as those we bought last year. 3. She will certainly win the world champion title. Her floor exercises are more expressive … those of her nearest rivals. 4. Our coach is … nervous before the press-conference … our captain. 5. The tickets to the basketball matches are … expensive in Belarus as they are in the USA. |
VI. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct degree of comparison. Translate the text:
Belarussians enjoy playing and watching ice-hockey. The Minsk-Arena Complex is (1) … (attractive) sports facility in Belarus. It is (2) … (young) than any other sports arena in Minsk and certainly (3) … (modern) and (4) … (functional).
The building is the home rink of the Hockey Club Dynamo, Minsk, (5) … (good) Belarusian ice-hockey team. Ice-hockey is a boom sport in Belarus now. The country's (6) … (professional) ice-hockey players compete against foreign stars here. More than 15.000 fans attend the matches of the Continental Ice-Hockey League there, making it (7) … (large) arena in use by a CHL team.
UNIT 4. Sports in Great Britain and the USA
Grammar target: Modal Verbs (Модальные глаголы)
Texts for reading: 4A. Sports and Games in Great Britain.
4B. From the History of the Sporting Traditions.
4C. Sports in the USA
4D. University Sport in the United Kingdom
Lesson 1. Focus on language.
Grammar analysis.
Look at how the modal verbs and their equivalents have changed in the examples:
| I can speak and write English. | He could speak English in early childhood. | She will be able to speak English well after graduating from the University. |
| If you want to play football you may join a football club. | He was allowed to practise in the club gym. | He will be allowed to play with our club team next Sunday. |
| Athletes must attend their training practices regularly. | She had to see the doctor about her injured leg. | I'll have to be an a diet to lose some weight. |
Grammar notes
Modal Verbs (Модальные глаголы)
Модальные глаголы не выражают действий, а показывают лишь отношение говорящего к действию, оценку действия, то есть возможность, необходимость, предположительность, долженствование или разрешение действия и выполняют функцию составного глагольного сказуемого.
К модальным глаголам относятся следующие глаголы: can, may, might, must, ought, а так же глаголы: to be, to have, shall, should, will, would. Последние шесть глаголов являются еще вспомогательными, а глаголы to be и to have – смысловыми.
Table 4.1.
Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
| модальный глагол и его эквивалент | выражает | Present Настоящее время | Past Прошедшее время | Future Будущее время |
| can = to be able (to) | физическую или умственную способность, возможность или разрешение | can (могу, умею) am/is/are able (to) | could (мог, умел) was/were able (to) | – shall/will be able (to) (сможет, сумеет) |
| may = to be allowed (to) | разрешение, просьбу или предположение с небольшой степенью уверенности | may (могу, можно) am/is/are allowed (to) | might (может быть, мог бы) was/were allowed (to) | – shall (will) be allowed (to) (смогу при наличии разрешения) |
| must | долженствование, необходимость совершения действия или предположение с достаточно большой степенью уверенности | must | – | – |
| have (to) | необходимость совершения действия в зависимости от обстоятельств | have (to), has (to) (приходится, вынужден) | had (to) (пришлось, был вынужден) | shall (will) have to (нужно будет) |
| be (to) | необходимость совершения действия в связи с предварительной договоренностью, планом или инструкцией | am (to) is (to) are (to) (приходится, вынужден, должен, необходимо) | was (to) were (to) (пришлось, был вынужден) | – |
| should, ought (to) | рекомендацию к действию, совет, целесообразность выполнения действия | should/ought (to) (должен, следует, следовало бы) | should/ought (to) + Perfect Infinitive (следовало) | – |
Грамматические характеристики модальных глаголов.
Модальные глаголы имеют ряд отличительных особенностей:
1. Модальные глаголы имеют одну форму для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа Simple:
| She can swim very well. | Она умеет плавать очень хорошо. |
| He must train hard to achieve success. | Он должен упорно тренироваться, чтобы достичь успеха. |
2. В вопросительной форме модальный глагол ставится в предложении перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении отрицательная частица not ставится после модального глагола.
| May I come in? | Можно мне войти? |
| Must we do it at once? | Мы должны сделать это немедленно? |
| We cannot (can't) lift this heavy box. | Мы не можем поднять эту тяжелую коробку. |
| You mustn't be too late. | Ты не должен так опаздывать. |
3. После модальных глаголов употребляются глаголы в форме инфинитива без частицы “to” (кроме глагола “ought”).
You should do exercises every morning.
Вам следует делать зарядку каждое утро.
Cricket games can last for several days.
Некоторые игры в крикет могут продолжаться несколько дней.
He ought to be more attentive to his team-mate.
Ему следует быть внимательнее к своему товарищу по команде.
4. Модальные глаголы не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, герундия и причастия) и употребляются только в двух временных формах: в настоящем и прошедшем времени группы Simple, а глагол “must” имеет только одну форму настоящего времени группы Simple.
| I can read and speak English. | Я умею читать и говорить по-английски. |
| My uncle could speak five foreign languages. | Мой дядя умел говорить на пяти иностранных языках. |
| We must help each other. | Мы должны помогать друг другу. |
Употребление
1. Глагол can (could) употребляется для выражения физической возможности или умственной способности совершить действие и переводится на русский язык словами «мочь» («мог»), «уметь» («умел»).
| Peter can play football and volleyball. | Петр умеет играть в футбол и волейбол. |
| She can't speak English. | Она не умеет говорить по-английски. |
| When I was young I could run 100 metres in 11 seconds. | Когда я был молодым, я мог пробежать 100 метров за 11 секунд. |
Глагол “can” не имеет формы будущего времени, вместо нее используется его эквивалент “to be able to…” – “быть в состоянии…”, “уметь…”.
I hope I'll be able to take part in Я надеюсь, что смогу принять участие
the competition. в соревновании.
Выражение “to be able to” может употребляться не только в качестве недостающей формы глагола “can”, но и как его синоним. Однако между ними есть различие: “can” означает возможность совершения действия вообще, обычно, постоянно, а “to be able” – возможность совершения действия в единичном, конкретном случае:
I can swim. Я умею плавать.
I am able to swim across this river now. Я могу переплыть эту реку сейчас.
В прошедшем времени различие между “can” и “to be able” проявляется отчетливее.
He was an excellent tennis player and Он был прекрасным теннисистом и could beat anybody. мог выиграть у любого.
I am no good at tennis but yesterday I Я не очень хороший теннисист, но
was able to beat my brother. вчера я смог (мне удалось) выиграть
у своего брата.
1.1. “Can” употребляется для выражения возможности действия, при этом подчеркивается, что совершение действия возможно вообще, теоретически.
We can go for a walk. Мы можем пойти погулять.
We could go to Scotland. Мы могли бы поехать в Шотландию.
1.2. “Can” употребляется для выражения разрешения выполнить действие так же как и глагол “may”, но в более широком значении и используется в вопросительных предложениях в разговорной речи.
Can I join your sports club? Могу я вступить в ваш спортивный
клуб?
1.3. “Can” и “could” употребляются для выражения просьбы, причем “could” выражает более вежливую просьбу.
Could you help me? Не могли бы вы мне помочь?
2. Глагол “may” употребляется для выражения разрешения совершить действие и в этом значении соответствует русским словам: «можно», «разрешите».
May I come in? Можно мне войти?
May I take your bicycle? Можно мне взять ваш велосипед?
Примечание: в ответ на вопрос “May I…?” русскому слову «можно» соответствует английское: “Yes, you may”, а русскому «нельзя» - “No, you mustn't”.
May I take your skis? Можно мне взять твои лыжи?
No, you mustn't. I'm going Нет, нельзя. Я собираюсь на
on a ski trip tomorrow лыжную прогулку завтра.
Форма прошедшего времени “might” в значении разрешения употребляется только в косвенной речи.
They asked if they might go into the Они спросили, можно ли им идти в зал.
gym.
Поэтому в прошедшем и будущем времени в значении разрешения совершить действие используется эквивалент модального глагола, выражение “to be allowed to” (позволять что-либо делать).
He was allowed to come. Ему разрешили прийти.
She will be allowed to stay with us. Ей разрешат остаться с нами.
2.1. “May” употребляется для выражения предположения, допускаемой возможности действия и в этом значении соответствует в русском языке словам: “может”, “может быть”, “возможно”.
They may arrive tomorrow or the day after. Они возможно приедут завтра
или послезавтра.
Форма “might” также имеет значение предположения, но выражает меньшую степень уверенности, чем “may”.
He might win the race. Он может быть выиграет забег.
3. Глагол “must” выражает необходимость, приказ, моральную обязанность совершения действия и переводится на русский язык словами: “должен”, “нужно”, “надо”.
I must practise every day. Я должен тренироваться каждый день.
Примечание: в ответ на вопрос, содержащий глагол “must” в утвердительном ответе употребляется “must”, в в отрицательном “needn't”.
Must I practise in the afternoon? Мне нужно тренироваться после обеда?
Yes, you must. Да, нужно.
No, you needn't. Нет, не нужно (нет необходимости).
Наряду с глаголом “must”, а также взамен его недостающих форм, употребляется его эквивалент “to have”, если речь идет о необходимости совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств. Глагол “have” в модальном значении употребляется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени. За глаголом “have” всегда следует инфинитив с частицей “to”. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы модального глагола “have” требуют вспомогательных глаголов: do, does, did, shall, will. На русский язык модальный глагол переводится словами: “пришлось”, “был вынужден”.
He has seriously injured his knee. Он серьезно травмировал колено.
He will have to see the doctor. Ему придется обратиться к врачу.
They had to run to catch the train. Им пришлось бежать, чтобы успеть на поезд.
Эквивалент “to be” употребляется для выражения необходимости совершения действия в соответствии с намеченным планом или договоренностью. Глагол “to be” как модальный употребляется только в настоящем или прошедшем времени и требует после себя инфинитива с частицей “to”. На русский язык переводится словами: “должен”, “необходимо, следует”, “предстоит”.
The Cup Final is to be held at Финал кубка должен состояться
Wembley Stadium in London. на стадионе Уэмбли в Лондоне.
I was to participate in the skiing Мне предстояло принять участие
race, but I caught cold. в лыжной гонке, но я простудился.
4. Модальный глагол “should” употребляется для выражения рекомендации, совета, личного мнения и соответствует в русском языке словам: “следует”, “следовало бы”, “должен”, “нужно бы”. В этом же значении употребляется также глагол “ought (to)”. Однако между ними есть различие. Когда мы употребляем глагол “should”, то высказываем субъективное мнение, т.е. рекомендуем, советуем. Глагол “ought (to)” имеет значение более объективного мнения и употребляется, когда речь идет о законах, правилах, обязанностях, инструкциях, или же когда мы хотим придать нашему собственному мнению более сильный оттенок.
You shouldn't talk like that Ты не должен так разговаривать с
to your coach. тренером.
People should exercise daily Людям следует делать зарядку
to keep physically fit. ежедневно, чтобы поддерживать хорошую физическую форму.
You ought to be more careful Тебе следует быть внимательнее
when you drive за рулем.
Experienced athletes ought to Опытные спортсмены должны
help the young. помогать молодым.
Grammar Practice.
Ex.1. Read and translate these sentences. Mind different meanings of “can”,
“could”, “to be able to”.
1. I can speak and write English.
2. We can't lift this heavy box.
3. Mike could ski and skate well before he was 10.
4. The team is well-prepared. They will be able to take part in the coming championship.
1. John had hurt his leg and wasn't able to walk.
2. Can it be John? – It can't be John. He is at the University now.
3. Andrew is in top physical form, he can win the race.
4. What shall we do this evening? – We could go to the football match.
5. Can I join your sports club? – Yes, of course you can.
6. Can I use your skis? – No, I'm afraid, you can't
Ex.2. Write questions and answer them as in the model:
Model: Ann can play tennis very well /basketball.
Can she really play tennis very well?
No, she can't play tennis very well.
She can play basketball very well.
1. Peter can swim very well /run.
2. Our students can play golf and cricket /football and volleyball.
3. Marry can participate in the swimming race /skiing race.
4. My grandpa could speak five languages /only English and French.
5. He can run 100 metres in 11 seconds /12 seconds.
6. I can drive home in half an hour /an hour.
7. Helen could play tennis very well at the age of 10 /12.
Ex.3. Complete the phrases in column A with suitable information in column B.
Translate the sentences:
A B
| 1. Richard is very athletic 2. These exercises are rather difficult 3. When I was younger 4. If you work quickly 5. I'm no good at tennis, but 6. Helen has performed well this season 7. In childhood he was bad at sports 8. If you learn English 9. Can I help you? 10. Bob has trained much | 1. you could get a better job. 2. I was able to beat my brother yesterday. 3. he could not throw or kick the ball properly. 4. No, thank you. I can manage. 5. he can win the swimming race. 6. we won't be able to do them quickly. 7. I could run much faster. 8. you will be able to finish on time. 9. he can play golf and cricket very well 10. she could win the World Cup. |
Ex.4. Choose the proper verb: “can”, “could” or “to be able”. Translate the sentences:
1. In Great Britain only rich people….afford (позволить себе) to play golf.
2. Ann….take part in the competition because of her injured knee (из-за травмы колена).
3. I had some free time yesterday so I …. go skiing.
4. Physical exercises…. make your life more active.
5. Jack was an excellent tennis player. He….beat anybody.
6. When Bob was 16 he was a fast runner, he … run 100 metres in 11 seconds.
7. I doubt (сомневаюсь) that he…. play football again, his injuries are so severe.
8. Anybody who wants to play basketball properly….join the sports club.
9. When she was the manager of the company she … take holidays twice a year.
10. Cricket games are very long, some of them…. last for several days.
Ex.5. Read and translate these sentences. Mind different meanings of “may”,
“might”, “to be allowed to”:
1. May I use your car ? – I am afraid you may not.
2. May I come in? – Certainly, please, do.
3. May I participate in the school skiing race?
I am afraid you won't be allowed because of your injury.
4. If you want to play tennis you may join a tennis club or hire a public court.
5. Where is Bob? – He may be at the training session.
6. Be careful. It is very icy. You may slip.
7. What are you doing this weekend? – I haven't decided yet. – We might go to the fitness club.
8. Alex missed his training practice for the first time. – He might be ill.
Ex.6. Write sentences asking for permission and answer them as in the model:
Model: (sit here)
May I sit here?
Yes, you may (Please, do)
Sorry, you may not.
No, you mustn't.
1. I'm sorry. I'm late (come in).
2. ( go home) I feel bad.
3. (train in the gym).
4. (miss tomorrow's training practice).
5. Mike, (borrow your skis).
6. Ann, (take your tennis racket).
7. I've got some interesting information (speak to the coach).
8. (play football) with your team next Sunday.
9. (join your sports club).
10. (ask) you a few questions now. I'm sorry, I missed part of your lecture.
Ex.7. Write the following sentences in the a) Simple Past Tense; b) Simple
Future Tense replacing “may” by “to be allowed to”. Translate the
sentences:
Model: She may stay with us for the week-end.
She was allowed to stay with us for the week-end.
She will be allowed to stay with us for the week-end.
1. You may practise in the gym any time you like.
2. Athletes may not miss training practices.
3. Students may use the University sports facilities free of charge.
4. Students of higher educational establishments may attend physical training lessons or may join sports clubs.
5. Children may not play in the streets.
6. People may hire public courts to play tennis.
7. Tourists may not take photos in the cathedrals.
8. Any student may take an exam or make a report on the subject.
Ex.8. Mind the difference in using mustn't and needn't. Translate the sentences:
Bob: We are going to attend a ski-jumping competition in Raubichi. It begins at 12. Will you come?
Tom: I'd like to come, but I have an appointment at 10. Must I come at 12 sharp?
Bob: No, you needn't come at 12, but you mustn't be too late or you may miss the best jumps.
Ex.9. Complete the sentences in column A with suitable information in column B.
Translate the sentences:
A B
| 1. Ann must work hard 2. You mustn't drink alcohol 3. Our students needn't pay 4. Our applicants must pass sports proficiency tests successfully 5. All schools must have playing fields, gyms and sports grounds 6. Must we attend training practices every day? 7. Athletes must follow their coaches' instructions 8. You needn't overeat | 1. to be admitted to the University 2. to ensure PE classes. 3. No, you needn't. 4. to pass her exam successfully. 5. to demonstrate excellent performance 6. to be in good physical condition. 7. when you drive. 8. to use a library and sports facilities. |
Ex.10. Choose the proper verb: “must”, “mustn't” or “needn't”. Translate the
sentences.
1. You…..play football in the street.
2. You…. train hard to be a success in sport.
3. All men aged between 18 and 40 in Belarus… take up military and physical training.
4. You… train much before the competition. You'd better have a rest.
5. Athletes …attend their training sessions regularly to be in good physical condition.
6. The students of the University…keep off smoking to become top-class athletes.
7. They… do all the exercises, it will be enough if they do four of them.
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