Grammar Practice

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 687.

Ex. 1. Write down the passive infinitive of the following verbs:

Ex. 2. Read and translate these sentences:

1. The element demonstrated by O.Korbut specialists called “Korbut's sommersault” (caльто О.Корбут).

2. The shorts that men wear for swimming are called swimming trunks.

3. – May I take your ball?

– I'm afraid, not. It has been taken by somebody.

4. – Do you know this athlete?

– Yes, his name is known all over the world.

5. This athlete demonstrated top-class performance many times.

6. Some new elements were demonstrated by Belarusian gymnasts at the last World Gymnastics Championships.

7. During his last visit to his native sports club A. Hleb brought a new uniform for young football players.

8. Football was probably brought to England by Roman soldiers 2000 years ago.

9. The British played rugby football in the 19^th century.

10. Rugby football is played with an oval ball.

Ex. 3. Choose “by” or “with” and translate the sentences.

1. Cricket is played … a ball and a short flat stick called a bat.

2. They were beaten into the fourth place… the Italian team.

3. The Olympic oath is usually taken … an outstanding athlete.

4. He was badly hit … a ball.

5. The first sports facilities were built … the ancient Greeks.

6. He was knocked down … the player of the opponent team.

7. The World Gymnastics Championships is an event which is organized … the International Gymnastics Federation

8. Baseball is played … a bat and hard ball ... two teams of nine players.

9. A lot of books were written … famous Russian weight-lifter Yu.Vlasov.

10. The international competitions will be opened … the Mayor of Minsk.

Ex. 4. Transform the verbs in active into passive as in the model. Translate the sentences in the Passive Voice:

Model: A lot of people play football in our country.

Football is played by a lot of people in our country.

В нашей стране в футбол играет много людей.

1. She often leaves her sports bag in the gym.

____________________________________

2. We met the opponent team at the airport yesterday.

_______________________________________

3. Our athletes will certainly win the game.

_________________________________

4. Look! John is showing a very interesting element.

________________________________________

5. A gymnast was demonstrating his routine on the parallel bars, when I entered the gym. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. He had already scored a goal by the time we came to the stadium.

___________________________________________________________

7. The doctor has just examined the athletes carefully.

___________________________________________________________

8. The coach and the athletes will have already discussed the results of the game in an hour. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ex. 5. Transform the verbs in active into passive as in the models. Translate the sentences in the Passive Voice:

Model 1: They sent for the doctor because one of the players was badly injured.

The doctor was sent for because one of the players was badly injured.

За доктором послали, так как один из игроков был серьезно травмирован

Model 2: They speak much about this book.

This book is much spoken about.

Об этой книге много говорят.

1. They sent for the coach 10 minutes ago.

____________________________________________________________

2. Sports newspapers write much about his record.

____________________________________________________________

3. The student did not listen to the lecture.

_____________________________________________________________

4. Sports fans will speak a lot about his victory.

______________________________________________________________

5. He looks well after our club football field.

_____________________________________________________________

6. Every athlete should carefully study new rules and regulations.

____________________________________________________________

Ex. 6. Transform the verbs in passive into active as in the model.

Model 1. The ball was passed two minutes ago.

The player passed the ball two minutes ago.

1. This instruction was written by our coach.

____________________________________________________________

2. The European Gymnastics Championships will be opened tomorrow.

____________________________________________________________

3. The gym has been already cleaned.

____________________________________________________________

4. A lot of sports facilities have been built in Minsk over the last ten years.

___________________________________________________________

5. Dynamo stadium is visited by thousands of fans every year.

__________________________________________________________

6. Football was probably brought to England by Roman soldiers 2000 years

ago.

____________________________________________________________

7. Golf is played with small clubs.

_____________________________________________________________

8. The first Olympic Games were held by ancient Greeks.

_____________________________________________________________

9. Many sports stars are sponsored by the world's biggest sportswear companies.

_____________________________________________________________

Ex. 7. Complete the sentences with the correct passive tense form of the verbs in brackets and translate them.

1. Over 130 sports and games … (play) in Belarus.

2. Athletes and fans hope that Minsk … (choose) the host city of several major

international sports events in future.

3. The first Belarusian cycling club … (open) in Vitebsk in 1894.

4. The construction of some 5-star hotels … (complete) by the opening of the 2014 World Ice-Hockey Championship in Minsk.

5. Riding, hunting, swimming and games … (practise) by Belarusian people for centuries.

6. A new freestyle training centre … (build) in Minsk now.

7. A lot of Belarusians …. (involve) in regular sports exercises.

8. About 70 sports clubs and societies … (register) in Belarus by 1915.

9. When a new football coach arrived in Minsk the major city stadium … (reconstruct) still.

10. Ice-Hockey matches Minsk-Arena … (attend) by a large number of fans.

Lesson 2. Build your vocabulary.

Task 1. Look at the ways nouns can be formed and translate the words marked with *.

Focus on reading

Step 1. Word Power

Ex. 1. Read the following international words. Give their Russian equivalents:

Ex. 2. Read the words paying attention to the sounds:

Ex. 3. Learn the key words and word combinations to the topic “Sports

Competitions”. Translate the sentences:

Step 2. Reading Practice

Task 1. Read the text for detail and find answers to the questions:

Text 5 A. Sports Competitions

Competition is in human nature. People have always wanted to know who is faster, stronger, or better than others. Being an integral part of the training process, sports competitions give athletes an opportunity to do that. Competitions may be of individual, team or individual-team kinds; regional, national and international; for men or women, or even of the mixed type. Athletes may compete in different age groups; on professional and amateur levels. Competitions or tournaments can be held by either elimination or round-robin systems. A competition which is held to determine a champion is called a championship. A champion is the winner of the first place or the holder of the first prize. The second prize holder is called a runner-up.

A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors. There are two major types of tournaments. The first type implies one or more competitions held at a single venue during a relatively short time interval. The other one is a competition involving multiple matches within subgroups of competitors. The overall tournament winner is determined on the combined results of the individual matches. It is common in most team sports, racket sports and combat sports¹. For example, all golf tournaments meet the first definition. In contrast, football (soccer) leagues like the Premier League represent the tournaments of the second type. Soccer matches are held on many stadiums over a period of up to a year. Many tournaments meet both definitions; for example, the Wimbledon tennis championship.

The most common are elimination (or knock-out) tournaments in which losers are eliminated and winners are qualified for the next rounds until there is a single champion. Elimination stages are usually quarter-finals, semi-finals and the final. But if the number of teams or players is high, earlier rounds may include last 16, last 32, etc².

In a group tournament (league, division or conference), which is common to soccer, ice-hockey, basketball, etc., all competitors play a number of matches. Points are awarded for each match, with competitors ranked on the basis of the total number of points. Usually each competitor plays an equal number of matches.

In a round-robin tournament, each competitor plays against all the others an equal number of times, once in a single round-robin tournament and twice in a double round-robin tournament for the most reliable rankings.

Many tournaments are held in multiple stages, with the top teams in one stage progressing to the next one. For example, American professional team sports have a “regular season” (group tournament) as qualification for the “post season” or “playoffs” (single-elimination tournament) which consist of series of games. Thus, in the NHL Stanley Cup teams play up to 7 matches. Better seeded teams are always given the advantage of one more home match. In the FIFA World Cup, each continent has one or more qualifying tournaments, some of them are multi-stage. The top 32 teams qualify for the final tournament where they are divided into eight round-robin groups of four. The top two in each group progress to the knockout phase, which involves four single-elimination rounds including the final.

Double-elimination tournaments imply that teams or individuals losing at the first should have an opportunity to compete in a consolation tournament held parallel to the main competition.

The greatest championships in sports are the Olympic Games. They are held every four years with the Summer and Winter Olympics taking place two years apart. Athletes qualify for the Olympics by winning the Olympic licenses in competitions called trials or according to their rating scored during the pre-Olympic season.

There are general rules for admittance to competitions of any level. To take part in the competitions athletes and teams fill in and submit entry forms and pay entry fees. Accreditation, doping and medical control are the necessary procedures which the contestants pass. In some sports weigh-in of athletes and even equipment is also necessary. The time and place for the draw, prize-giving, the starting time and other information can be found in the competition schedule.

Judging is very important too. Competitions are served by a panel of judges, the Jury, the Jury of Appeal and many other officials.

Notes:

Post-reading exercises

Ex.1. Replace the following Russian words and word combinations with their equivalents from the above text:

тренировочный процесс, обладатель первого приза, лично-командные соревнования, пройти в следующий круг соревнований, полуфинальные соревнования, подгруппа, жеребьевка, неотъемлемая часть, отборочный турнир, судейская коллегия, апелляционное жюри, групповой турнир, выбыть из соревнования, заявка, победитель, проигравший, командные соревнования, второй призер, личные соревнования, победитель турнира.

Ex. 2. Find in the text and write out the words which go together with:

competition

tournament

championship

Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the words from the word-box below and translate the sentences into Russian:

Ex. 4. Complete the following statements. Choose one of the alternatives and translate the sentences.

Ex.5. Write down the extensive answers to the following questions:

Task 2. Check if these words and word combinations are known to you.

If not, try to memorize them:

1. artistic gymnastics 2. male female gymnast 3. apparatus n 4. all-round finals 5. event finals syn. apparatus finals 6. score n 7. advance v (to) 8. total n

спортивная гимнастика гимнаст гимнастка снаряд (гимнастический) финальные соревнования в многоборье финальные соревнования на отдельных снарядах оценка выйти в следующий круг соревнований сумма (баллов)

Task 3. Read Text 5 В to know how the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships are held.