Other stress patterns

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 463.

Further useful guides related to the above

(1)The vast majority of food items have FES, e.g. poached 'egg. Note that these are often covered by either the ‘Manufactures Rule' or the ‘Location Rule', e.g. Worcester 'sauce, Welsh 'rabbit, Christmas 'pudding, fish 'soup. Exceptions: some items take IES because they can also be regarded as part of the living plant or animal, e.g. 'chicken liver, 'orange juice, 'vine leaves. Other significant exceptions are: -bread, -cake, -paste, e.g. 'shortbread, 'Christmas cake, 'fish paste.

(2)Names of magazines, newspapers, etc. have FES (many involve place or time and are covered by the ‘Location Rule'), e.g. (the) Daily 'Post, (the) Western 'Mail, (the) Straits 'Times, Vanity 'Fair, (the) New 'Statesman.

(3)IES applies to compounds including the names of academic subjects, skills, etc, e.g. 'technical college, 'French teacher (i.e. a person who teaches French).

(4)Nouns formed from verb + particle take IES, e.g. 'make-up, 'come-back, 'look-out, 'backdrop. Exceptions are few, but note: lie-'down, look-'round, set-'to. These patterns have changed in the recent history of the language. See Section C5.

(5)Nouns ending in -er or -ing + particle take FES, e.g. hanger-'on, passer-'by, washing-'up.

(6)Compounds formed from -ing + noun are of two types:

IES applies where an activity is aided by the object (i.e. a ¹sewing machine helps you f to sew), e.g. 'sewing machine, 'running shoes, 'scrubbing brush, 'washing machine.

FES applies where a compound suggests a characteristic of the object, with no idea of aiding an activity, e.g. leading 'article, running 'water, casting 'vote, sliding 'scale.

1.6. Do these compounds have main stress on their first part or their second part? Underline the syllable with the main stress. (Hint: Think about whether they are noun + noun compounds or adjective + noun compounds.)

Examples safety valve (noun + noun)

guilty party (adjective + noun)

1. chemical formula 5. coffee shop 9. sofa bed

2. bank account 6. best man 10. magnetic field

3. American football 7. mobile phone 11. tea strainer

4. artificial intelligence 8. flight attendant 12.space station

Now listen toaudiofile: A79.mp3 and check your answers. Then say the words aloud.

1.7. Use the compounds in the box to answer the questions. Think carefully about where main stress is placed and say your answers aloud.

boiling point civil war claim form defining moment dental floss distance learning greenhouse hot potato house-hunting ice rink lipstick loudspeaker orange juice pay phone rubber band search party shop assistant town hall

1. battles between different groups of people living in the same country?

2. a building made of glass used for growing plants?

3. a level area of ice for people to skate on?

4. a way of studying where you mainly study at home?

5. a piece of equipment that sound comes out of?

6. a problem that no-one wants to deal with?

7. a legal document that you use to try to get compensation from an organisation?

8. the activity of looking for a house to live in?

9. a building where the local government usually meets?

10. a public telephone that you have to put money in to use?

11. a point at which a situation clearly starts to change?

12. a drink made from crushed oranges?

13. a coloured substance that women put on their lips?

14. the temperature at which liquid becomes a gas?

15. a group of people who look for someone who is missing?

16. someone who serves customers in a shop?

17. thread used for cleaning between the teeth?

18. a ring of rubber for holding things together?

Now listen toaudiofile: A80.mp3 and check your answers.