ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 584.

1. challenge noun

1. something that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal with or achieve, especially something you have never done before and will enjoy doing:

I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.

meet a challenge (=deal with it successfully):

Is your publishing house ready to meet the enormous challenges that lie ahead

the challenge is to do something:

The challenge for young authors is to achieve literary growth without damaging their individual style.

face a challenge (=have to deal with one):

The journalists face the daunting challenge of completing the issue on time.

2. an action or idea that questions whether something is true, accurate,

or legal:

He began a legal challenge to clear his name.

pose/present a challenge to something:

Recent discoveries pose a serious challenge to accepted views on the age of this manuscript.

a refusal to accept someone's authority:

challenge to: The strike was seen as a direct challenge to the authority of the government.

challengeverb

1. to question whether something is true, accurate, or legal:

No one has challenged the theory that is described in the report.

This decision is likely to be challenged by the publishers.

challenge someone on something:

They're not likely to challenge us on any of the details.

challenge someone to do something:

The publishing house challenged the young journalist to prove that his article was true to life.

2. to refuse to accept someone's authority:

The president has accused the provincial government of challenging his leadership.

3. to test someone's skill and abilities:

My present job doesn't really challenge me.

A problem that has intrigued and challenged me for many years.

2. referencenoun

1a comment that mentions something or someone:

make a/no reference to:

He politely made no reference to my lack of literary experienced.

passing reference (=a quick comment about something):

Her speech contained only a passing reference to the problems of children's writers.

the process of looking at something in order to get information:

The sentences are numbered for ease of reference.

used to describe books or places where you can find information: the reference section of the library.

3. a statement from someone who knows you or has worked with you that gives information about you. You often need to provide a reference when you apply for a new job:

4. a word or phrase that comes from a book or a poem:

His writing is full of obscure literary references.

5. a writer or a piece of work that is mentioned in a piece of writing by someone else:

There was a long list of references at the end of the paper.

with reference to (FORMAL)

used in a letter to introduce the subject that you are going to write about.