STATE MUSEUM OF UKRAINIAN DECORATIVE ART

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 584.

Additional Language Exercises

14. Fill in the names of decorative arts, craftsmen and articles of decorative arts from the list below into the gapped text. The same word may occur more than once.

The museum was set up in 1964. The first hall of the museum is dedicated to Ukrainian carpets. We know from the chronicles that carpets were used to decorate the walls of dwellings, benches, trunks and tables. From the 17-th century carpet weavinghas become particularly popular. Carpets were produced by handicraftsmen as well as by private shops and manufactures. The wool was coloured with vegetable dyes. The picturesque nature of Ukraine was an inexhaustible source of inspiration for folk craftsmen. Carpet ornaments and compositional arrangements are diverse and have their particular features in each ethnographic region. Thus floral ornaments are typical of eastern Ukraine, while geometric designs prevail in the western regions. The colour scheme of Hutsul carpets is based on the combination of pure and saturated colours - red, green, yellow and brown. The colours of Poltavacarpets, for example, are milder and restraint.

The collection of works by Ukrainian woodcarvers occupies an important place in the museum's exposition. Formerly woodcarving was widely used for decorating cottages and household articles - spoons, candlesticks, furniture, carts, sledges and so on.

Embroidery is one of the oldest crafts in Ukrainian folk decorative art. In almost every region of the country and sometimes even individual villages it has particular marks of distinction in the variety of ornamental motifs, colouring, compositions and technique of execution. Thus, for instance, black and red colours are characteristic of the embroidery made by the craftsmen of the Kyiv region, multicoloured wool threads are peculiar to Podillia, floral and geometric ornaments of tenderly light or white colours are produced in Poltava region. Since ancient times embroidery has been used to decorate such household articles as ritual towels, napkins, table-cloths, folk garments. Nowadays, embroidery is being developed on a large scale both by the folkcraftsmen and professional artists.

Artistic weaving is a bright page in the material and spiritual culture of the Ukraine people. In the course of centuries it has been constantly developed and perfected. The museum displaysa rather comprehensive collection of works of the 17th-18th centuries craftsmen. It comprises rushnics, table-cloths, napkins, runners, rugs and various pieces of national garments-skirts, aprons, belts, kerchiefs, etc.

Decorative painting is one of the most popular crafts in Ukrainian folk art, which has been practiced since olden times. The museum shows decorative plates, painted trunks, shelves, plate racks and spoons. At present decorative painting is widely applied in the porcelain,textile industry and architecture.

Artistic ceramics was practiced on a very large scale in the 18th and 19th centuries in the areas where sufficient deposits of clay suitable for production were available. Poltava potters made children's toys, which represented horsemen, cockerels, goats, rams, etc.

The first records about glass shops in Ukraine date back to the 15th-16th centuries. As a rule, these shops were located in the northwestern parts of Ukraine, which abound in forests and quarts sands necessary for production of glass.

In the 17th - 18th centuries Chernihiv region became the major centre of glassware production. The glass-men of those times produced window-panes, drug-vessels, various household utensils such as plates, kegs, beakers, flasks, mugs and different figured vesselsin the form of bears, goats and birds. Today the art of glassware is revived. Contemporary glassblowers skillfully combine folk traditions with modern forms and decor, produce new and original beverage sets, vases, various figurines.

The museum's collection of porcelain and faience provides an insight into the past and present of this interesting craft.The century-old experience of Ukrainian potters proved very useful when porcelain factories were established in Korets (1793) and Barenivka (1803). The first faience factory went into operation in the late 18th century. The variety of articles was rather diverse and included dinner and tea sets, cups, saucers,tea-pots, vases, mugs, etc. A distinctive feature of Ukrainian chinaware of today is wide application in its decor of the traditions of wall-painting, combination of floral and zoo-morphic ornaments which lend the objects exquisite decorativeness. The museum's collection of porcelain and faience is annually supplemented with new works of art of the highest quality.

[1] иск. этюд, эскиз, набросок

[2] амер. разг. предчувствие; подозрение; интуиция; наитие; on a hunch — интуитивно; to have a hunch — предчувствовать; интуитивно догадываться

[3] (against) бунт, протестж women in revolt against discrimination — женщины, бурно выступающие против дискриминации

[4] (pl тж. dicta) 1. изречение, афоризмж 2. авторитетное заявление, авторитетное мнение, суждение

[5] мат. тело; regular solid — правильное (геометрическое) тело

[6] плоскость

[7] утверждение, уверенность в себе; mere assertion — голословное утверждение; assertion training — выработка уверенности в себе

[8] единый, объединённый

[9] абстрактный, беспредметный

[10] 1. самопроизвольность, стихийность; спонтанность, непосредственность

[11] удерживать, держать поодаль; to hold off an enemy attack — воен. отразить атаку противника; hold that dog off! — держите собаку!

[12] театр. 1) балкон, галерея, галёрка; 2) галёрка, посетители галёрки

[13] оценивать; составлять мнение; to size up a man — правильно оценить человека; to size up a situation — правильно понять ситуацию

[14] 1. безвкусный, пресный; insipid food — безвкусная пища; 2. скучный, неинтересный; вялый, безжизненный; insipid conversation /talk, discourse/ — вялая /неинтересная/ беседа

[15] 1. разноцветный, пёстрый; motley dress — разноцветный наряд, (шутовской); 2. разнородный, разношёрстный; motley crowd — пёстрая /разношёрстная, разноликая/ толпа; there is a motley collection of books on the shelf — на полке стояло разношёрстное собрание книг

[16] удручённый, подавленный; чувствующий себя несчастным; heartsick lover — безнадёжно влюблённый; вздыхатель

[17] 1. перечить; мешать исполнению (желаний); расстраивать, срывать (планы); to thwart smb.'s purpose — мешать осуществлению чьих-л. целей; circumstances thwarted him — ему мешали обстоятельства; he found himself thwarted by an incident — случай расстроил все его планы

[18] уходить, удаляться; the jury withdrew — присяжные удалились на совещание