GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 461.
DARE
SHALL
| Meaning | Forms of the MV | Forms of the infinitive | Kinds of sentences | Some other ways of expressing the same meaning | Sentence patterns |
| 1. Asking for instruction | Shall I? Shall he (she, they)? | Indefinite Infinitive | interrogative | Must I do it? Do you want me to do it? Am I to do it? | Shall I readthe article again? Shall he (she, they) start speaking on the topic? |
| 2. Compulsion or strict order | You he she it they | shall shan't | affirmative negative | I shall make him do it. I shall get you to do it. | You shall stop reading fiction books at your lectures. He shan't prevent us from working at the problem. |
| 3. Threat or warning | You he she it they | shall shan't | affirmative negative | Tell him he shall be punished for his behaviour. You shall fail the exam if you don't work hard. | |
| 4. Promise | You he she it they | shall shan't | affirmative negative | You are sure to get… I promise that they won't punish you. | Don't worry, you shall have a minute's rest before the meeting begins. |
| Meaning | Forms of the MV | Forms of the infinitive | Kinds of sentences | Some other ways of expressing the same meaning | Sentence patterns |
| 1. Impertinence, to have the courage to do smth | dare do smth dared do smth | Indefinite Infinitive | affirmative interrogative | You dare address me in that tone! Did he dare to strike me when I was down? | |
| 2. Not to have courage to do smth | dared not do smth | negative | He didn't dare to meet his uncle |
| Notes |
| 1. “I dare say” has become a stock phrase and acquired a new meaning “I suppose”. 2. It is used both: a) as an normal verb => taking the auxiliary “do” in the interrogative and negative forms, -s in the 3rd person singular and the to+ Infinitive b) as an anomalous verb => without the auxiliary in its interrogative and negative forms, without –s in the 3rd person singular and with the bare Infinitive (without “to”) |
Exercise 1. Fill the following spaces, using “can” for present, “could” for past and “will be able” for future. There is no need to use other able form in this section. Put TO where necessary before the infinitives.
1. … you stand on your head? ~ I … when I was at school but I … now.
2. When I've passed my driving test I … hire a car from our local garage.
3. At the end of the month the Post Office will send him an enormous telephone bill which he … pay. (negative)
4. I … remember the address, (negative) – … you even remember the street? (negative)
5. When the fog lifts we … see where we are.
6. You've put too much in your rucksack; you never … carry all that.
7. When I was a child I … understand adults, and now that I am an adult I … understand children. (negative, negative)
8. When you have taken your degree you … put letters after your name.
9. Don't try to look at all the pictures in the gallery. Otherwise when you get home you … remember any of them. (negative)
10. When I first went to Spain I … read Spanish but I … speak it.
11. … you type? – Yes, I … type but I … do shorthand.
12. I'm locked in. I … get out! (negative) ~ … you squeeze between the bars? (negative) – No! I …; I'm too fat. (negative)
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| WILL/WOULD | | | MAY/MIGHT/BE ALLOWED TO |