Unit 3.1

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 328.

Є в даний час фондові ринки практично у всіх розвинених і більшості економік, що розвиваються, з найбільших ринків у світі знаходяться в США, Великобританії, Японії, Індії, Китаю, Канади, Німеччини (Франкфуртська фондова біржа), Франції, Південній Кореї і Нідерландах .

Голландська Ост-Індська компанія (заснована в 1602) був першим акціонерним товариством, щоб отримати основний капітал і, як наслідок, безперервної торгівлі в акції компанії, стався на Амстердамської біржі. Незабаром після цього, жвава торгівля різними похідними, серед яких варіанти і РЕПО, з'явилися на ринку Амстердамі. Голландські торговці також вперше короткі продажі - практика, яка була заборонена голландськими владою ще у 1610 році.

У середині 13-го століття, венеціанські банкіри почали торгувати державними цінними паперами. У 1351 році венеціанський уряд заборонив поширення чуток призначені для зниження цін на державні кошти. Банкіри в місті Піза, Верона, Генуя і Флоренція також початку торгів державними цінними паперами в 14 столітті. Це стало можливим тільки тому, що це були незалежні міста-держави не править герцог, але рада впливових громадян. Італійські компанії також були першими про випуск акцій. Компанії в Англії та Нідерландах потім в 16-му столітті.

Adjectives describing jobs:

1. challenging - difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability

2. exciting

3. flexible - able to change to suit new conditions or situations

4. glamorous - if you describe someone or sth as glamorous, you mean that they are more attractive, exciting, or interesting than ordinary people or things

5. monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/ - never changing and therefore boring

6. motivating /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ/ - making you want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort

7. repetitive /rɪˈpetətɪv/ - repetitive actions are repeated many times and are therefore boring

8. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ - worth doing; that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important

9. satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/- giving pleasure because it provides sth you need or want

10. stimulating /ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/ - making you feel enthusiastic

11. stressful

to work:

12. anti-social hours – to work evenings and weekends

13. flexible hours

14. from home

15. nine to five - normal office hours ⇒ “he works nine to five”, “a nine-to-five job”

16. overtime – time that you spend working at your job after you have worked your normal hours

do/work overtime

17. shifts

18. under pressure

19. advertising campaign /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn/

20. annual bonus /ˈænjuəl ˈbəʊnəs/

21. approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ - приблизительно

22. assist sb - to help sb to do sth

be assistant to sb

23. attend meetings

24. benefit

25. branch – a local office/shop belonging to a large company ⇒ overseas branch

26. chain – a group of shops owned by the same company

27. chief executive officer (CEO) - the person in a company who has the most power and authority and is in charge of total management of the company

28. competitive salary – means that the company where you are applying pays just as well if not better than other companies in the same field

29. court /kɔːt/ - суд

30. case – a question to be decided in court

31. deal with customers on the phone and face to face

32. deadline (for sth) - a point in time by which sth must be done

meet deadlines

miss the deadline

tight / tough deadlines

33. desirable, but not essential

34. disadvantaged /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/- having less money and fewer opportunities than most people in society

35. experience of sth/in doing sth

36. be in charge of - having responsibility for

37. be responsible for

38. depend on

39. fluency in - the quality of being able to speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well

be fluent in ⇒ *She's fluent in French

40. job security – the probability that you will work in your job as long as you want to and will not become unemployed ⇒ a job with a high level of job security

41. prospects for (promotion / career progress)

42. preferably /ˈprefrəbli/ - is used to show that sth is more desirable or suitable

*Take exercise, preferably in the fresh air.

43. report to sb - if you report to a particular manager in an organisation that you work for, they are officially responsible for your work and tell you what to do

44. respected company

45. supply - to make available or provide

supply sth to sb/sth ⇒ *Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.

supply sb/sth with sth ⇒ *Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.

supplier - a person or company that supplies goods ⇒ *a leading supplier of computers in the UK

46. support /səˈpɔːt/ - help, assistance ⇒ provide support

47. pension

48. perks - special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job

share option - a right given to employees to buy shares in their company at a fixed price

*In addition to his salary, the new Chief Executive will receive a ?10 million share option package.

49. status /ˈsteɪtəs/ - the social or professional position of sb/sth in relation to others ⇒ *low status jobs

50. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ - the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time

51. refund /ˈriːfʌnd/ - a sum of money that is paid back to you, especially because you returned goods to a shop ⇒ *to claim/demand/receive a refund

52. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ - the normal order and way in which you regularly do things

*Make exercise a part of your daily routine.

53. worry - sth that worries you

54. workaholic /ˌwɜːkəˈhɒlɪk/

55. be used to sth/to doing sth – is used to talk about sth that you are familiar with so that it no longer seems new or strange to you:

◇ We're used tothe noise from the traffic now.

◇ I'm used togetting up early.

You can also use get used to sth:

◇ Don't worry — you'll soon get used to his sense of humour.

◇ I didn't think I could ever get used to living in a big city after living in the country.