International trade of industrial goods. Markets of machines and equipment

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 422.

Theme of the lecture № 7.

Thesis:

In economics, any tangible commodity which is produced and subsequently consumed by the consumer, to satisfy its current wants or needs, is a consumer good or final good. Consumer goods are goods that are ultimately consumed rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a microwave oven or a mixer grinder which is sold to a consumer is a final good or consumer good, where as the components which are sold to be used in to final good those goods are called intermediate goods. For example, tires for automobile industry or copper which can be used to make some further goods.

Manufactured goods are goods that have been processed in any way. As such, they are the opposite of raw materials, but include intermediate goods as well as final goods.

Final goods can be classified in to the following categories:

1. Durable goods

2. Non-durable goods

3. Services

Consumer electronics (abbreviated CE) are electronic equipment intended for everyday use, most often in entertainment, communications and officeproductivity. Radio broadcasting in the early 20th century brought the first major consumer product, the broadcast receiver. Later products includepersonal computers, telephones, MP3 players, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, GPS automotive electronics,digital sphygmomanometers, digital Glucose meters, digital cameras and players and recorders using video media such as DVDs, VCRs or camcorders. Increasingly these products have become based on digital technologies, and have largely merged with the computer industry in what is increasingly referred to as theconsumerization of information technology such as those invented by Apple Inc. and MIT Media Lab.

A motor vehicle or road vehicle is a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not operate on rails, such as trains or trolleys. The vehicle propulsion is provided by an engine or motor, usually by an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or some combination of the two, such as hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. For legal purposes motor vehicles are often identified within a number of vehicle classes including automobiles or cars, buses, motorcycles, motorized bicycles, off highway vehicles, light trucks or light duty trucks, and trucks or lorries. These classifications vary according to the legal codes of each country.

A machine is a tool that consists of one or more parts, and uses energy to achieve a particular goal. Machines are usually powered by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or electrical means, and are frequently motorized. Historically, a powered tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine; however, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of powered tools without moving parts that are considered machines.

Literature: 1-36.