Management

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 546.

A successful business knows what it wants to accomplish and has a plan for meeting its goals. Such a business has some form of organization that identifies who is responsible for which task.

Usually, a manager or managers direct and coordinate the activities of the workers and deal with any problems that arise.

Any business that employs more than one person needs some type of organization that lets employees know what their jobs are and how they fit in with company goals. Businesses usually have an organization that establishes which person or group has authority over other person or group. These businesses often show their structure on an organizational chart.

Centralization focuses authority in one place (president). The president has authority over the national sales manager. From there authority fans out to the other parts of the organization.

Formal organizations are usually departmentalized. Departmentalization is a way of organizing a company that involves assigning resources and responsibilities to a specific unit, or department in an organization. The manager has the responsibility for coordinating the department's assigned resources. The departments are organized in three ways: by function, by product or by geographic location.

The research and development department finds out what kinds of products need to be made. The production department makes the product. The sales department finds consumers for the product. The shipping department gets the products to the consumers. Finally departments may be organized by their location or the areas they serve.

Smaller businesses may be organized in a less formal way. Companies organized informally usually have a flexible structure. People in this kind of business do not always do the same kind of work. They may replace each other and even hire outside people to help.

Regardless of the structure, however, all forms of businesses organization depend on good managers within a business.

Management is the process of reaching a business's goals through the use of its human and material resources. Most businesses have three basic levels of managers: top-level managers, middle-level managers and supervisors.

Managers at all three levels carry out 4 types of functions. They are planning, organizing, directing, controlling. All these management functions involve making decisions. Managers at every level follow the same decision-making process.

Planning – setting objectives and make plans for meeting them. There are long-term and short-term goals. Short-term goals of the company include analyzing the market study and hiring new employees.

Organizing involves obtaining and coordinating resources so that a business's objectives can be met. If the resources are not available the manager finds out where the resources can be obtained.

Directing means influencing and guiding people under one's management to carry out their assigned tasks.

Controlling involves setting standards for work, evaluating performance and solving problems that prevent the completion of a required task.

Most manager begin their careers as company employees who are promoted after they have gained experience and have shown certain qualities (such as ability to perform varied activities, ability to work under pressure, effective communication, interpersonal skills, ability to gather and use information)