USE OF THE ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 467.
INTRODUCTION
PLANNING AND ORGANISING
Unit 2
Task 1. Discuss the following questions:
· How helpful is planning in everyday life, do you think?
· Have you ever planned anything in your life? Are you doing it regularly?
· What is organising intended for? How often do you use it in everyday life?
· How do you understand the words “strategy” and “policy”?
· What plans for future do you have? Is it possible to fulfil them? What are the obstacles?
· What kinds of organisation do you know?
· Are you a member of any formal or informal organisation?
· How do you imagine organising business? What are the main steps of this process?
· How would you describe an organised person?
Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 1 and translate the sentences containing it:
| (1) adoption (прийняття) – the act of deciding to use a particular plan, method. Strategy is defined as the determination of the basic long-term objectives of an enterprise and adoption of courses of action and allocation of resources necessary to achieve these goals. to adopt–приймати |
| (2) allocation (розміщення, розподіл) – the decision to use smth. for a particular purpose. The allocation of resources is one of the most important tasks of the enterprise. to allocate– розміщувати, розподіляти |
| (3) to attain (досягати, добиватися, домагатися) – to arrive at, obtain. For effective performance of individuals working together in groups or teams a manager's basic task is to see that everyone understands the group's purposes and objectives and its methods of attaining them. attainable – досяжний attainability – досяжність |
| (4) budget (бюджет) – a plan of income and expenditure for a particular period of time: where money is drawn from, its amount, how it should be spent; personal or household expenses. There are different types of plans: purposes or missions, objectives or goals, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets. |
| (5) to carry out (виконувати) – to fulfil, put into effect, to accomplish. Programmes are a complex of goals, policies, procedures, rules, tasks and assignments, steps to be taken, resources to be employed and other elements necessary to carry out a given course of action. to carry on– продовжувати, виконувати |
| (6) conscious(свідомий) –recognising the existence, truth or fact of smth.; in the state of knowing what goes on around. Planning requires that we consciously determine courses of action and base our decisions on purpose, knowledge and considered estimates. consciously–свідомо consciousness – свідомість |
| (7) to consider (розглядати, обмірковувати; вважати, гадати) – to ponder, think out, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of; to assess before reaching a decision. He considered all possible resources for this campaign. He considered the annual budget nonrealistic. considerable–значний, важливий consideration – міркування |
| (8) to contribute to (сприяти, робити внесок) – to give money, help, ideas etc. to smth. that a lot of other people are also involved in. Every plan should contribute to the accomplishment of the purpose and objectives of the enterprise. contribution–сприяння, внесок contributive–сприятливий contributor– особа, яка сприяє; робить внесок |
| (9) cost (ціна, вартість) – the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do or produce smth. The efficiency of a plan refers to its contribution to the purpose and objectives, offset by costs and other factors required to formulate and operate it. |
| (10) to demand (потребувати, вимагати) – to ask for smth. very firmly, to need smb.'s time, energy, skill; to require, call for. Every kind of organised action demands purpose. demand–вимога, потреба, попит to make a demand – потребувати, ставити вимогу |
| (11) to determine (визначати) – to settle, to fix, to define, to terminate. The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through system major objectives and policies, a picture of the kind of enterprise that is envisioned. determined–визначений |
| (12) discretion (свобода дій) – freedom to make one's own decisions.Rules spell out specific required actions or nonactions, allowing no discretion. |
| (13) efficiency (ефективність) – the quality of doing smth. well, without wasting time, energy, money; the degree of effectiveness with which smth. is done or of the person who does it. The efficiency of a plan refers to its input to the purpose and objectives. efficiency expert–експерт з ефективності efficient – ефективний |
| (14) to envision (передбачати, уявляти) – to see in the mind's eye (especially some future occurrence). The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through a system major objectives and policies, a picture of the kind of enterprise that is envisioned. |
| (15) estimate (оцінка) – a judgment of size, number, quantity, value, distance, quality especially of smth. which needs calculation or assessment. Planning requires that we base our decisions on considered estimates. estimation–оцінювання to estimate–оцінювати |
| (16) expenditures (витрати) – the total amount of money that a government, organisation or a person spends during a particular period of time. The budgets developed in the process of planning include expenditures for capital equipment. to expend–витрачати |
| (17) expenses (витрати) – cost in terms of money paid out in running a business or household, doing a job. Operating expenses are to be taken into account while planning. at the expense of–ціною to go to expense– витрачати гроші expensive– дорогий |
| (18) framework (структура) – a basic structure which supports and gives shape or a broad outline plan. Strategies furnish a framework for guiding thinking and action. |
| (19) to highlight (виділяти, висвітлювати) – to draw special attention to smth. There are four major aspects which highlight the nature of planning. |
| (20) to hire (наймати) – to employ smb. for a short time to do a job; to obtain the services of smb. for an agreed wage. One of the steps the process of planning includes is formulating supporting plans, such as to hire and train workers. |
| (21) internal (внутрішній) – within an organisation, place rather than outside it. In what environment – internal or external – will the company's plans operate? |
| (22) mission (місія) – any task that one is sent to do; an aim in life, arising from a conviction or sense of calling. There are different types of plans: purposes or missions, objectives or goals, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets. |
| (23) pervasive (поширений, загальний, проникний) – existing or spreading everywhere.Planning is pervasive; it is a function of all managers. pervasiveness–поширеність, проникність |
| (24) primacy (першість, першочерговість) – the state or being first in rank, importance. Planning has primacy among the manager's tasks. |
| (25) procedure (спосіб дії, процедура) – the accepted method and order of doing things; an act or manner of proceeding. Procedures are chronological sequences of required actions. |
| (26) purpose (ціль) – a result which is desired to obtain and which is kept in mind in performing an action. The purpose of strategy is to determine and communicate through the system the major objectives and policies. |
| (27) to pursue (переслідувати) – to follow smth. The process of planning includes selecting the course of action the firm will pursue. |
| (28) relationship (стосунки) – the mutual exchange between two people or groups who have dealings with one another. A manager must plan in order to know what kinds of organisation relationships and personal qualifications are needed, along which course subordinates are to be led and what kind of control is to be applied. |
| (29) to require (вимагати) – to demand, to need. Planning requires that we consciously determine courses of action.. requirement – вимога to meet the requirements – відповідати вимогам |
| (30) qualification (кваліфікація) – a skill, quality fitting a person for a particular work. A manager should have respective personal characteristics and professional qualifications. |
| (31) sequence (послідовність) – a succession of things which are connected in some way. Procedures are chronological sequences of required actions. |
| (32) subordinate (підлеглий) – inferior in order, rank, importance. A manager must plan in order to know what kinds of organisation relationships and personal qualifications are needed, along which course subordinates are to be led and what kind of control is to be applied. |
Task 3. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:
A.Purpose; to attain; to accomplish; intellectually; to demand; cost; strength; to assign; mission; to require; consciously; policy; procedure; budget; to determine; to consider; estimate; internal; adoption; allocation; to highlight; to envision; external; primacy; relationship; framework; sequence; discretion; qualification; subordinate; pervasive; ordinarily; to carry out; to hire; efficiency; superior; reasonable; to pursue; expenses; expenditures.
B.Свідомо; оцінка; раціональний; визначати; послідовність; свобода дій; переслідувати; витрати; внутрішній; зовнішній; зазвичай; структура; ефективність; потребувати; вищий по службі; виконувати; встановлювати; витрати; проникний; сильна сторона; ціль; наймати; кваліфікація; досягти; вимагати; політика; здійснювати; передбачувати; підлеглий; стосунки; місія; прийняття; інтелектуально; бюджет; витрати; розміщення; процедура; першочерговість; виділяти; враховувати.
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| Task 38. Role plays. | | | Task 4. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B: |