THE PARTICIPLE
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 501.
The participle is a non-finite form of the verb that has properties of the verb, adjective and adverb. There are two Participles in English: Present Participle (Participle I) and Past Participle (Participle II), having three forms.
| Forms of the Participle | Transitive verbs | Intransitive verbs | |
| Active Voice | Passive Voice | Active Voice | |
| Present Participle | managing | being managed | going |
| Past Participle | --------------- | managed | gone |
| Perfect Participle | having managed | having been managed | having gone |
| PRESENT PARTICIPLE is used to express an action: | ||
| 1. | simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb | Researchingthe labour market I take into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховую попит та пропозицію. Researching the labour market I took into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховував попит та пропозицію. Researching the labour market I shall take into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховуватиму попит та пропозицію. |
| 2. | referring to the present irrespective of the time of the action expressed by the finite verb | The managers working in our company, graduated from Lviv National Polytechnic University. Менеджери, які працюють у нашій компанії, закінчили Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”. |
| 3. | having no reference to any particular time | The managers are the people running the organisation. Менеджери – це люди, що управляють організацією. |
| 4. | preceding thу action expressed by the finite verb if these actions closely follow each other: to enter, to open, to arrive, to see, to hear | Entering the meeting room he greeted everybody. Увійшовши до кімнати зустрічей, він привітався. |
| PERFECT PARTICIPLE is used to express an action: | ||
| 1. | preceding the action expressed by the finite verb | Having analyzed the market, they stopped their deliveries. Здійснивши аналіз ринку, вони припинили поставки. |
| PAST PARTICIPLE is used to express an action: | ||
| 1. | preceding the action expressed by the finite verb | We looked at the destroyedequipment. Ми дивилися на зруйноване обладнання. |
| THE OBJECTIVE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX | ||
| Noun in the Common Case: | Manager + Participle Him + Participle | |
| Personal Pronoun in the Objective Case: | ||
| the first part (i.e. the noun or pronoun) denotes the subject or the object of the action expressed by the Participle.The Objective Participle complex is used with the verbs denoting: | ||
| sense perceptions: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice | We saw him communicatingwith subordinates. Ми бачили, як він розмовляв з підлеглими. We noticed the program breaking down. Ми спостерігали, як порушується програма. | |
| wish and mental activity: to want, to wish, to desire, to hate, to intend, to like, to consider, to believe, to think, to find, to know, to expect, to suppose(only Past Participle) | She wanted them fulfillingher order immediately. Вона хотіла, щоб вони негайно виконали її замовлення. | |
| to have, to get(only Past Participle) | She wanted the personnel changed. Вона хотіла, щоб персонал змінився. I must have my computer repaired.Мені треба полагодити комп'ютер. | |
| THE SUBJECTIVE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX | ||
| Noun in the Common Case: | Director + Participle We + Participle | |
| Personal Pronoun in the Nominative Case: | ||
| which stands in predicate relation to the Noun or Pronoun. The Subjective Participle complex is used with the verbs denoting: | ||
| sense perceptions: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice | Progressive companies were observed usingdemocratic style of leadership. Можна було спостерігати, як прогресивні компанії використовували демократичний стиль лідерства. | |
| to consider, to believe, to find(only Past Participle) | The meeting was considered finished. Зустріч вважали закінченою. | |
| THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX | ||
| Noun in the Common Case: | Leader + Participle They + Participle | |
| Personal Pronoun in the Nominative Case: | ||
| and they perform the function of the Participle subject. The Absolute Participle complex is used as adverbial modifiers of: | ||
| time | The conversation having stopped, everybody went home. Коли розмова припинилася, всі пішли додому. | |
| cause | The presentation being very informative, he called to supplier. Оскільки презентація була дуже інформативною, він подзвонив постачальнику. | |
| manner or attending circumstances and condition | His eyes smiling, he informed us about the system of rewards. Усміхаючись, він поінформував нас про систему винагородження. | |
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