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Date: 2015-10-07; view: 371.
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LESSON_2_TEXT 2
EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the good of the individual and society as a whole. There are three main types of educational institutions in England: primary schools, secondary schools and universities.
Pre-school education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4. Around half of the children at this age attend nursery schools. Children of this age need care as well as education. That's why kids play a lot, learn to listen attentively and to behave.
Primary education begins at the age of five in England, Wales and Scotland and at four in Northern Ireland. The education is compulsory and schooling is free of charge. Children start their school career in an infant school. Lessons start at 9 a. m. and are over at 4 p.m. Children are taught «3 R'sk reading, writing and arithmetic. Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing, reading, dancing or singing.
When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11. They study a lot of subjects: English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography along with Technology, Music, Art and Physical education.
Most of children go to state schools where education is free. Only a small proportion of them attend private' (Public) or independent schools. Parents have to pay5 for the education at these schools. The fees are high and only some families can afford it. The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow, Winchester and Rugby.
Secondary education begins at the age of 11. The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys and girls study together. Besides, parents can take their sons and daughters to Grammar schools or Secondary Modem Schools.
Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11 to 18. They prepare pupils for Colleges and Universities.
Many children of working class families go to Modern schools. They give a very limited education. Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking. After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker.
The Comprehensive Schools have their own «Grammar school” classes and «Modern school” classes.
Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn. If he takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages. If he is good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry. Biology, Geography, Economics and Technical Drawing.
Higher education. Education after 16 is voluntary in the United Kingdom. Students must take at the age of
16 the examinations for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). After these exams students can choose to stay on in school or to enter colleges of Universities for further education.
British universities are self-governing and are guaranteed academic independence. Many of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge universities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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