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Курс, 1 семестр (ДЛЯ САМОСТІЙНОГО ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ)

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 734.

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TEXT 4

TEXT 2

GETTING ABOUT A TOWN

Dialogue 1

A. Is it possible to see anything of Moscow in one or two days?

B. Well, yes, but of course not half enough.

A. What do you think I ought to see first?

B. Well, if you are interested in historical places you should go to Red Square and see the Kremlin. Do you like art galleries?

A. Rather.

B. Then why not go to Tretyakov Gallery and Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts?

A. I think I will. And what about theatres?

B. If you are staying in Moscow for a few days, you'll have no difficulties whatever in finding somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, operetta, circus and so on.

A. Oh, that's fine. I'm told one ought to see the Exhibition of Economic Achievements. Do you think I shall have time for that?

B. Well, you might, but if I were you, I should leave it for some other day. You could spend a whole day there. It is much too big to be seen in an hour or so.

A. I suppose it is. What about a trip on the Moskva River?

B. That's not a bad idea. What could be better than a couple of hours on board of a motor launch.

A. I think I'll go for a short trip to have a view of Moscow.

ASKING THE WAY

Dialogue 2

A. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Red Square?

B. Certainly, go down Gorky Street, turn to the right and in less than five minutes you'll be in Red Square.

A. Thank you very much. How far is it from here?

B. If you walk, it'll take you ten minutes or a quarter of an hour.

A. Is there a bus or a trolley-bus?

B. There's sure to be. But you'd better ask the militiaman over there. He'll give you all the information you want.

A. Thank you. Excuse me, is there a bus or a trolley-bus from here to Red Square?

C. Yes, any bus will take you. There's a bus-stop just over there.

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

I. Read and translate Text 1.

II. Learn the dialogues of Text 2 by heart and dramatize them.

III. Give Russian equivalents to:

annals of history, to render a great service, to unite the country, it was Moscow that gave its name to the land, little settlement, founded by Yuri Dolgoruky, to cherish the history, under tsar Fyodor, to transfer the capital, ancient monuments, major acts, government, let us start our tour of Moscow with, right in the centre of things, masterpiece of architecture, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, to commemorate, Russia's conquest of Kazan kingdom, to the roll of drums, notable for its clock, melodious chimes, cathedral, administrative buildings, lights are blazing, whirling globe, to look at the view, observation platform

IV. Choose the right word:

1. Across the road from Manege is the old ... of Moscow University, ... by M. Kazakov. There are two ... Moscow ... in the second half of the 18th …: V. Bazhenov and M. Kazakov, who created a style ... as “Moscow Classicism”. 2. On the other ... of the Moskva River on Lavrushinsky Lane is the Tretyakov Gallery ... by Pavel Tretyakov. Not long before his death Tretyakov gave his ... to the ... of Moscow. Its icon department contains ... from Kievan and Muscovite Rus. 3. The Pushkin ... of Fine Arts has one of the ... collections of the …, classical and West European art. 4. The Pushkin Museum of … … periodically holds ... of the art of various ... and of individual outstanding ... . For example, there were exhibitions of the Tutankhamen treasures from ... and Leonardo da Vinci's … … Mona Lisa (La Gioconda).

architects, outstanding, building, century, built, known, founded, bank, city, collection, museum, masterpiece, fine arts, richest, ancient, countries, exhibitions, artists, world famous, Egypt, world

V. Translate into Russian:

Moscow has become the largest administrative, economic and cultural centre in the Soviet Union. Moscow is the seat of the Soviet Government, one of the world's cultural, scientific and artistic centres, the home of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR with its numerous institutes, laboratories, the home of thousands of libraries, museums, permanent exhibition halls, of hundreds of cinemas, clubs, theatres, palaces of culture, 80 institutes of higher education.

VI. Give English equivalents to:

упоминать; анналы истории; сослужить службу; объединение страны; именно Москва дала название земле — Московия; небольшое поселение; чтить историю; при царе Федоре; во время царствования Ивана Грозного; Москва считалась одним из самых крупных городов Европы; пригороды; покорение Казанского ханства; под грохот барабанов; Спасская башня славится своими часами; мелодичные куранты; площадка обзора; вращающийся земной шар

VII. Arrange a) and b) as synonyms:

a) city, country, suburbs, to render service, settlement, to build, to be notable for, to happen, to consider

b) land, to contribute, place, outskirts, town, to construct, to take place, to be famous for, to think

VIII. Answer these questions (work in pairs):

1. When was Moscow founded? 2. Who is considered to be the founder of Moscow? 3. What name did Moscow give to the Russian land during the first centuries of the country's development? 4. What did the English travellers write about Moscow? 5. When was the capital transferred to St. Petersburg? 6. When did the Government move back to Moscow? 7. What can you say about the Kremlin? 8. What do you know about Pokrovsky Cathedral? 9. Where do parades and demonstrations take place? 10. What is the symbol of the Kremlin? 11. What is the tower notable for? 12. What architectural monuments can you see inside the Kremlin? 13. What is the best loved spot of Muscovites? 14. Where can you see the achievements of the Soviet people in all spheres of industry and agriculture? 15. What are the famous galleries and museums? 16. Do you have any difficulty in finding where to spend an enjoyable evening? 17. What can you see from the observation platform on Lenin Hills?

IX. Ask 10 questions about Text 1 (work in pairs).

X. Complete the sentences from Text 1:

1. Moscow is first mentioned ... . 2. It was Moscow, that ... . 3. The Soviet people cherish ... . 4. In 1712 Peter I ... . 5. The Government moved back ... . 6. Let us start our tour of Moscow with ... . 7. First look at the Moscow Kremlin ... . 8. Pokrovsky Cathedral is known as ... . 9. Big parades and demonstrations ... . 10. If the Kremlin is a symbol ... . 11. Perhaps the best place ... .

XI. Read the words and guess their meanings, then look them up in the dictionary:

annals, major, cathedral, memorial, monument, symbol, historical, collection, classicism, periodically, individual, reconstruction, construction, territory, revolutionary, unique, permanent, administrative, laboratories

XII. Fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary, then read and translate the text:

Leningrad is one ... the world's most beautiful cities. Unlike other great European cities Leningrad is only 280 years old. Founded ... Peter I ... the early 18th century, St. Petersburg (as the city was called ... 1914) grew so rapidly that ... the end ... the century it came to be referred to as the Palmyra ... the North. Travellers were impressed ... the unique and charming beauty ... the city. Leningrad is especially attractive ... the white nights.

Many people find parts ... Leningrad which remind them ... their own cities seeing Paris ... its embankments, Venice ... the canals and bridges, Prague ... the shady parks and magnificent palaces. But this is but a first impression, for Leningrad is a unique city ... cities.

Leningrad is known to the world as the cradle ... the Great October Socialist Revolution, as the city which endured the 900-day fascist blockade and survived victorious. It is a great political, economic and cultural centre ... the Soviet Union, a Hero-city.

Leningrad is closely connected ... the life and work ... Lenin. Here ... the turn ... the century, Lenin began his revolutionary career and laid the foundation ... the Communist Party. ... the city's working class districts Lenin held Marxist groups and trained professional revolutionaries … … the workers. And it was ... this city ... the Neva River that Lenin made his historical pronouncement: the Socialist Revolution had triumphed, and the world's first workers-peasants' state had been borne.

One can truly call Leningrad the Rome ... the Russian culture, for here Pushkin, Tchaikovsky, Dostoevsky, Rastrelli, Gogol, Tolstoy, Repin lived and worked.

One can wander ... the streets, squares and museums ... Leningrad, admiring the work ... world-famous architects, painters and sculptors, coming ... contact ... the history ... this wonderful city and meeting ... its hospitable and friendly people.

XIII. Combine the following words into sentences:

1. Tallin, of Soviet Estonia, the most charming city, the capital, in the USSR, is. 2. many, and, there are, Leningrad, palaces, magnificent, bridges, in. 3. impressed, were, by, the beauty, travellers, the city, of. 4. capital, the USSR, cultural, of, centre, economic, administrative, political, and, its, is, Moscow. 5. founded, one, years, was, Kiev, of, ago, cities, 1,500, the most ancient. 6. Soviet, cherish, population, the, country, of, multinational, history, the, its. 7. is, in, history, annals, the, first, Moscow, 1147, mentioned, in.

XIV. Make up situations using the following words and phrases:

1. European cities, one of the most beautiful, is founded by. 2. bridges, palaces, architectural monuments, to attract tourists. 3. greenery, shady parks, lakes, banks, the Moskva River, city within a park. 4. places of interest, to recommend to visit, to be impressed by.

XV. Here are the impressions of Moscow, written by an English student. Read and say what you think about them:

I first came to Moscow two years ago, in the dead of winter. A blanket of snow lay draped across the city, and huge pointed icicles dangled from every roof and tree. In delight I explored the city, went from one golden cupolar church to another, in my imagination I could hear the silvery tinkle of troika bells in the distance. It seemed almost that I had stepped into a fairy tale.

Fairy tales, however, reach an end. The Moscow of spring 1980 breeded no such fantasy; I found a city of realities rather than of dreams. The tinkle of troika bells gave way to clatter of workmen preparing for Moscow Olympic Games. And yet, once in a while, I found myself projected back into a dream-land. One late afternoon I went for a walk over Izmailovsky park. It was a beautiful day — one of those rare bursts of spring between snow-storms! Streams and rivulets gushed where thick snow had lain two days before. Birds sang in the birch-trees, an artist sat silently at his easel. The world seemed fresh and new-born.

I have alas barely touched on my impressions of Moscow. I would like to describe the sense of freedom I experienced from the absence of advertisements, which in England assault my brain. Wherever I turn, the pleasure I gain just from entering a metro station, which has all the splendour and majesty of a stately home! I would like to tell you my impressions of the educational system here, so different in many respects from our own and, of course, of the overwhelming hospitality which I have found to be such a strong feature of the Muscovites. To describe all this in detail, however, I would need to write a book, not merely an essay. I hope nonetheless, that you have gained from these few words an idea of my impressions of Moscow.

XVI. Write a letter to your friend about your stay in Moscow, Leningrad, any other city or town, give your impressions. Do not forget to mention what you have been doing recently.

XVII. Translate into English:

1. Свыше 800 лет назад на холме между реками Москвой и Неглинной была построена маленькая крепость. Ее назвали Москва. Ее основателем считается князь Юрий Долгорукий. 2. В конце XV века Москва стала столицей объединенных русских земель. 3. В старой Москве часть улиц кольцами окружала Кремль. 4. До начала XVIII века Москва была столицей России. Затем ею стал Петербург. В 1918 г. древняя русская столица стала столицей Советского государства. 5. Первое метро в нашей стране было построено в Москве в 1935 г. Это самая красивая подземная дорога во всем мире. 6. Самое дорогое для советских людей место, сердце Москвы — Красная площадь. Кремль. Здесь работает правительство СССР, в Кремле жил и работал основатель нашего государства В. И. Ленин. 7. Москва - мировой центр культуры, науки и искусства. Здесь находятся Академия наук СССР, другие академии и научные институты, Московский университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, свыше 80 высших учебных заведений.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. a) Form nouns using the suffix “-ment”:

to govern, to manage, to move, to replace, to develop, to establish, to punish, to treat, to equip, to advertise, to enjoy, to engage

b) Form adjectives using the suffix “-ic”:

history, economy, geography, period

c) Form adjectives using the suffix “-al”:

economic, geographic, historic, periodic, politic

d) Form verbs using the prefix “re-“:

to form, to read, to produce, to elect, to write, to place, to build

II. Use the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect:

1. You ever (to see) any plays by Priestley? — Yes, I (to see) one last week. 2. When you (to finish) school? — I (to finish) school this year. 3. He (not to prepare) the report for today's seminar. 4. I (to make) a report at the seminar in History of the CPSU on Wednesday. 5. Anybody (to see) him since that time? 6. She (to graduate) from the institute three years ago and (to work) at a secondary school all this time. 7. “You (to make) good progress in your English lately,” said the teacher. 8. She (to open) the door and I (to tell) her who I (to be) and what I (to want). 9. Let's go home, it (to grow) dark. 10. You (to make up) your mind yet? We are waiting.

III. Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Perfect:

A. 1. Normally I (to have) breakfast at 9 in the morning. 2. I (to have) just my breakfast. 3. He (to write) letters to his mother once a week. 4. He (to receive) three letters this week. 5. We (to work) hard lately. 6. I (not to see) much of her for the last few days. 7. Students (to take) exams at the end of each term. 8. You ever (to visit) your relatives? 9. It (to rain) every Sunday since we arrived here.

B. 1. They (to be) friends since childhood. 2. For all I know they (to be) close friends. 3, The director (to be) out. He (to be) out the whole day today. 4. How long you (to learn) English? 5. They (to learn) English, French and German at our faculty. 6. She says she (to live) not far from the institute. 7. He (to live) in Moscow all his life. 8. It long (to be) my dream to visit the Bolshoi Theatre. 9. She (to dream) of becoming a teacher. 10. They (to be) married for 5 years and (to be) very thoughtful to each other.

IV. Use the correct tense-forms:

1. Since 1147 the name of Moscow (to be) on the pages of history. 2. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (to found) Moscow. 3. In 1918 by the decision of the government the capital of the country (to move) to the ancient city of Moscow. 4. It (to be) the capital of our country up to now. 5. Architects Posnik and Barma (to build) St. Basil's Cathedral during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. 6. You (to make) the tour of Moscow? — Yes, we (to make the acquaintance) of all its sights yesterday. 7. The 22^nd Olympic Games (to take place) in Moscow. 8. During the latest years our capital (to change) beyond recognition. 9. When you (to be) in Moscow last? 10. The guide (to show) us about the Kremlin today. We (to walk) for three hours but we (not to be tired) at all. I (to enjoy) seeing sights.

V. Translate into English:

A. 1. Я оставила книгу в читальном зале. 2. У нас было три занятия по английскому языку на этой неделе. 3. Он окончил институт в прошлом году. 4. Кто-нибудь видел ее сегодня? 5. Мы закончили этот текст на прошлом занятии, а сегодня начали новый. 6. Где ты был все это время? 7. Когда ты была в театре в последний раз? 8. Когда мы вышли из дома, было темно. 9. Наш город очень изменился за последние годы. 10. Вы уже закончили упражнение? — Нет еще. Оно очень трудное, поэтому мы его так долго пишем.

Б. 1. Вы уже побывали на ВДНХ? — Нет еще. У нас будет туда экскурсия завтра. 2. Мы приехали в Ленинград три дня тому назад и за это время успели посмотреть многое. 3. Все, кто приезжают в столицу, восхищаются ее красотой. 4. Я пишу ей письмо о достопримечательностях моего родного города уже час, и не написала еще и половины. 5. Вы давно живете в Киеве? — Да, мы приехали сюда в 1970 году. 6. Если у вас будет время, останьтесь еще на несколько дней, вы сможете посетить Третьяковскую галерею, так как она открыта по воскресеньям. 7. Я уже знаю, как попасть в Оружейную палату. 8. Туристы спрашивают, когда мы поведем их в Эрмитаж.

TEXT 3

I. Read the text attentively so as to get a general idea of its contents.

II. Go through the text again and underline with a pencil what you think is most important in each paragraph.

III. Form a question on each paragraph to check your fellow-students' understanding of the text:

65 YEARS OUT OF 1,500

Kiev — more beautiful than ever — recently celebrated its 1,500 anniversary.

Few cities in the world have suffered as many foreign invasions as Kiev has. The most barbaric invasion of all, of course, was the Nazi invasion. The Hitlerites killed about one-sixth of the population and destroyed 40 per cent of the city, about 1,000 plants and factories.

Like a legendary phoenix, Kiev has risen from the ashes of its destruction. Tall, stream-lined apartment complexes gleam in the sunlight. Yet new Kiev also preserves the treasures of its past. The 1,000 members of its Society of Architects have restored 1,500 historical monuments, 190 architectural works of art, 500 public squares. Even streets are preserved in their original, ancient form.

During the last decade Kiev has built additional nurseries, new schools, hospitals and polyclinics. It added nine new stations to its beautiful metro (it now constructs two annually). It has also repaired streets and reconstructed an ancient district.

Now, more than ever, Kiev deserves its reputation as a “city within a park”. It has 18 square metres greenery per person, 368 lakes and ponds and the shores of the Dnieper constitute one vast recreational area. No factories can be built along its shores. No chemical plant or any plant that can be harmful to people can be built within the city limits.

The rich Ukrainian culture is known and loved by the multinational peoples of the USSR.

Only 65 of Kiev's 1,500 years have been under socialism. But what 65 years these have been!

Render into English:

КИЕВУ - 1500 ЛЕТ

По Киеву бродят столетия. Величаво возлежит он на вершинах днепровских круч. Давайте же пройдем по улицам седого и вечно юного города, пойдем от памятника к памятнику. Правда, сделать это будет не просто: город велик, и в нем немало исторических мест.

Самый древний город Руси, мать всех русских городов. Некоторые полагают, что Киеву не меньше 2750 лет. Другие утверждают, будто ему 2500, исходя из предположения, что Киев — это Гелон, о котором писал еще Геродот. Большинство ученых называют более скромную дату: Киеву — полторы тысячи лет.

Из единого центра древнерусской народности, столицей которой был Киев, в XIV —XV столетиях сформировались три народности — русская, украинская, белорусская. Уже через столетие после Нестора запишет Никон в своей летописи: «Вся честь и слава, и величие и глава всем землям русским — Киев».

Прожитые годы не старят этот удивительный город.

... Поспешим в знаменитую киевскую Софию (Софийский собор). Считают, что этот бело-золотой многоглавый собор поставлен на месте, где Ярослав Мудрый разбил печенегов. Богдан Хмельницкий на могучем вздыбленном коне смотрит прямо на Софию, а булава его указывает на Москву. На этой площади встретила Богдана толпа киевлян криками: «С Русью!».

Как рассказать о Киеве сегодняшнем, волнующем чудом своего возрождения? По каким провести читателя улицам и паркам? Нет, мы никуда не пойдем. Мы постоим на высоком берегу Днепра и посмотрим на город. Отсюда любовались его зеленью и золотыми куполами Пушкин, Гоголь, Шевченко, Лист, Бальзак, Драйзер, Горький, Маяковский.

Киев — столица Украины, ее административный и культурный центр, и вся страна готовилась к юбилею города.

SPEECH EXERCISES

I. Retell Text 1. Speak on the following topics:

1. History of Moscow. 2. Moscow — capital of the USSR. 3. Places of interest in Moscow. 4. Moscow — the largest cultural, political, administrative centre.

II. Speak about your native city. town, village.

III. Speak about some famous places of interest or monuments of Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, etc.

IV. You're accompanying a group of foreign visitors on a guided tour of your city. In your talk about the sights concentrate on the following questions:

1. Which sights and tourist attractions would you show them? 2. Which less known architectural monuments (historical buildings) and parks would you include in your tour? 3. Which old traditions and modern developments would you mention?

V. How well do you know your city, town? Show the group a postcard, describe the place depicted in it and tell the group how to get there from your institute.

VI. Reproduce Dialogues of the Text 2. Compose your own dialogue on the topics “Getting about town”, “Sightseeing”, “Asking the way”.

VII. Get information from a reference book or a guide-book about one of the greatest cities of the world. Prepare an oral report about it.