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Date: 2015-10-07; view: 478.

Safety on Tankers

Topic 2

Why?

1) Iron casks must be tightly closed.

2) Oil tanks are fitted with special tubes.

3) It is very important to clear oil tanks from previous cargo.

1Answer the questions.

1 What precautions should be taken by crewmembers when working with chemicals?

2 How to prevent product contamination?

3 What potential hazards to health can the chemicals present?

2What do you know about

• tankers' hull design?

• inert gas system?

• requirement to navigational equipment?

• size classes?

• the biggest tanker in the world?

3 Read the text and title the paragraphs.

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, more than 2 trillion metric tons of oil is transported every year using oil tankers.

1_________________________________

The implementation of double-hull construction offers "increased environmental protection" and "better protection in case of collisions and grounding," according to 1998 Marine Board research findings. The United Nations in 2005 voted to phase out single hull oil tankers by 2010.

2__________________________________

One of the greatest dangers in unloading oil from a tanker is that dangerous gas mixtures will be formed. To avoid this, workers employ a "blanket gas" into the hold. According to a 2003 safety report by an industry consulting firm Hayler and Keever, "An oil tanker's inert gas system is one of the most important parts of its design". This not only helps to make sure pressure levels stay at a desirable level, but also to prohibit a hazardous introduction of oxygen. 3_______________________

Federal safety standards for oil tankers require them to be manufactured with "twin screws," because the use of two propellers provides greater maneuverability. In addition, ships are to be equipped with "two radars in working order," one of which must be a "collision avoidance radar".

4_______________________

There are six different oil tanker size categories. According to the American Bureau of Shipping, the smallest-sized tanker is general purpose tankers, which range in sizes from 10,000 to 24,000 dead weight tons (DWT). The largest is an ultra large crude carrier, which range in sizes from 320,000 to 549,999 DWT and can cost up to $120 million to build and equip.

5_________________________

With a width of 69 meters and a length of 458 meters the Knock Nevis is able to bring about 14 million oil barrels that could support all motorized vehicles on earth for 2 weeks. When the load is full, the hull sinks 25 meters, which resulted in the ship to sail safely only through waters that have minimal depths of 30 m. That is, the Knock Nevis cannot pass through the Panama Canal and Suez Canal.

4Are the statements true of false? Correct the false ones.