Reading

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 595.

Liquid Cargo Operations

Topic 3

1 Put the operations in a sequence to get general cycle of cargo loading.

___ Preparation for discharge

___ Ballasting

___ Loading

___ Transport

___ Preparation for cargo loading

___ Tank-cleaning/gas-freeing

___ Inerting/purging

___ Discharge

2In pairs

a) check the meaning of the words in a box, if necessary, use the monolingual dictionary.

b) label the pictures

A) ____________________	B) _______________________	C) ____________________
D) ___________________     ______	E) ____________________________	F) ____________________

3 Discuss the questions

1. What equipment is used for loading/discharging liquid cargo?
2. What precautions should be taken during these procedures?

4 Read the text translate it. Answer the questions.

1 What methods are used for liquid cargo loading/discharging?

2 What anti-explosive system is used to prevent combustion?

Liquid cargo is nowadays usually transferred using an articulated arm loading/discharge systems, and groups of arms are often found on shore refineries or on offshore loading facilities. As well as used for loading petroleum products, these loading arms are also used to load a wide range of chemicals. Some arms are designed to handle chemicals and gases at cryogenic temperatures such as liquefied natural gas, ethylene, refrigerated anhydrous ammonia and refrigerated LPG and LNG.

Cargo is offloaded at the manifold, usually located amidships. All the tanks are connected to this point via valves. Modern vessels have the capability of simultaneously offloading several grades or types of cargo. In view of the dangerous nature of such cargo, it is common practice to build the special berths a small distance from the main dock system on the seaward side. The loading arm hose must be flanged oil-tight to the ship's manifold so that oil spills can be avoided.

One method for unloading oil from a tanker involves liquid displacement. When loading the oil or gas, the water that was previously inside the hold is expelled at the same rate that the fuel is introduced. When unloading, the opposite process is conducted where the water enters the chamber as the fuel is expelled.

One of the greatest dangers in unloading oil from a tanker is that dangerous gas mixtures will be formed. To avoid this, workers employ what is known as a "blanket gas" (inert gas system) into the hold. This not only helps to make sure pressure levels stay at a desirable level, but also to prohibit a hazardous introduction of oxygen, one that would enhance volatility and the chance for combustion.

Unloading methods are most concerned with the level of pressure and mixture of gases that accompany the procedure. The wrong combination of these elements can produce a catastrophic scenario such as explosion in the hold or fire in the pipes. That is why delivery pipes often are outfitted with extinguishers, sprinkler systems or other related ventilation equipment.

5Choose the appropriate answer

1. The movement of liquid bulk cargo, crude oil and derivatives, from the tanker is undertaken by

a) means of pipelines connected to the shore-based storage tanks.

b) hoses manually connected using derricks and cranes.

c) ullage tape.

1. Oil cargo is discharged from the ship's tanks, via the cargo piping system to the main ship's manifold usually situated

a) amidships.

b) on the bow.

c) on the stern.

1. Pumping equipment is provided in the tanker storage plant or

a) on the quayside.

b) refinery ashore.

c) on motorized vehicles.

1. Liquid displacement method means

a) loading arm hoses are filled with water to reduce pressure.

b) water is used to wash the tanks.

c) water replace the cargo unloaded.

6Complete the sentences with words from the box

1. __________ the sea-valves and report.

2. __________ the pumpman and report.

3. __________contact on VHF channels 16 and 18.

4. __________bonding wire and report.

5. __________the scuppers and report.

6. __________fire extinguishers and report.

7Write down the answers to the questions using SMCP phrases.

8Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.

1. Crew: Leak at manifold connection!

2. Captain: Stop pumping!

__Captain: Stand by oil clearance team and report.

__Captain: How much is spilled?

__ Crew: Spill is about 2 tonnes.

__Crew Oil escaping into sea!

__Crew: Oil clearance team standing by.

1. Captain: Inform pollution control!

9 Complete the sentences with proper words.

1. Plug all the s________and report.

2 Sea suction v______is closed.

3 Stop the ballast o________ and report.

4 Ballast t______number 2 is pumped out.

5. Stop the ballast p_____- ballast dirty!

10Choose the proper word

1. _______the stops into the slop tank.

2. _______ pumping slops.

3. ________ the sludge into the sludge tank.

4. ________ a shore slop barge.

5. ________ a safe working pressure.