HOW IT ALL STARTED

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 1083.

People started travelling long ago. The first travellers were nomads and pilgrims, merchants and traders. They travelled along rivers, lakes and seas. The first travellers used simple means of travelling: boats and ferries on the water and camels in the desert.

The most famous travellers were explorers. Among them were Marco Polo from Venice in the 13th century, Afanasy Nikitin from Russia, Christopher Columbus and Vasco de Gama from Portugal in the 15th century, Magellan from Spain, Amerigo Vespucci from Italy in the 16th century, James Cook from England in the 18th century and other adventurers from Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, England and Holland. They made journeys to Asia, Africa and America.

Travel grew and developed as long as means of transport kept on growing.

With the 19th century the age of modern trains came. In the late 19th century the first motor-cars appeared.

The age of airplanes changed travel crucially. In the early 20th century jet planes emerged. They made air travel available to all people. Air travel is the fastest and the most convenient mode of travelling. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Passengers eat, sleep, watch movies, listen to music on airplanes.

Comprehension questions

1. When did people start travelling?

2. Who were the first travellers?

3. What means of travelling did they use?

4. Who were the most famous travellers?

5. What kind of journeys did they make?

6. Why did travel grow and develop?

7. What were the new means of travelling in the 19th century?

8. What kind of transportation emerged in the early 20th century?

9. What are the advantages of air travel?

TOURISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY

In the 19th century tourism was mainly for the rich. They had enough money and spare time for travelling.
- Not many working people in Europe had paid holidays.

Well-to-do people used to take tours to France, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. They spent time at famous sea resorts in France. They went to health resorts and spas of Germany for recreation and treatment. They travelled to the resorts in the mountains of Switzer-
land and Austria.

In the early 19th century tourists used to travel by trains and steamships.

In the first half of the 19th century steamships used to move within inland waterways only. But in the second half of the century they started covering longer distances. The steamships carried passengers on all oceans and seas of the world.

Comprehension questions

1. What was tourism in the 19th century like?

2. What kind of tours did well-to-do people use to take?

3. Where did they go to in those countries?

4. How did they use to travel?

5. Where did steamships move in the first half of the 19th century?

6. Where did they move in the second half of the 19th century?

THOMAS COOK COMPANY

Thomas Cook Company is the oldest travel company in the world. As a matter of fact, Thomas Cook from England opened the age of organized tourism.

It started in 1841 when Thomas Cook arranged the first trip for 570 Englishmen by railway.

In 1843 Thomas Cook organized the first group tour by train. This time he provided tourists with meals and tickets for the races. So it was the first package tour.

Later on Thomas Cook made arrangements for organized visits to the First International Industrial Exhibition. The Exhibition opened in London in 1851. The tourists came from different parts of England.

All those were domestic tours. However, Thomas Cook decided not to stick to domestic tourism within his country only. Four years later, in 1855 he arranged the first overseas trip. It was a tour to the Exhibition in Paris. After that regular tourist trips started to other
countries of Europe.

Thomas Cook continued expanding his travel business. In 1866 he arranged the first trip of two groups of Englishmen to the USA.

Thomas Cook set up the first travel agency.

Thomas Cook Company is still very active on the travel market. It is both a tour operator and a travel agency. But now two German companies own it.

Comprehension questions

1. What is Thomas Cook Company?

2. When did Thomas Cook arrange the first trip? What kind of trip was it?

3. What was the first package tour like?

4. What kind of arrangements did Thomas Cook make in 1851?

5. What was the first overseas trip by Thomas Cook?

6. What kind of travel business is Thomas Cook Company?

THE WORLD TOURIST ORGANIZATION

Tourism is global nowadays. Tourist boom started in the 1960s.
In 1963 the United Nations conference on international travel and tourism took place in Rome.

The General Assembly of the UN proclaimed 1967 as the Year of International Tourism.

In 1975 the United Nations established the World Tourist Organization (WTO). It emerged on the basis of the International Union of Official Tourist Organizations.

The WTO is the international intergovernmental organization. Actually, it is a worldwide group of government travel organizations. It deals with promoting tourism throughout the world. It assists countries in the development of national tourism.

The supreme body of the WTO is the General Assembly. It holds its sessions every two years. The General Assembly elects the General Secretary for the period of four years.

The World Tourist Organization cooperates with the United Nations and many government and non-government organizations.

Comprehension questions

1. When did tourist boom start?

2. When and where did the United Nations conference on international travel and tourism

take place?

3. What was the year 1967 noted for?

4. When did the UN establish the World Tourist Organization?

5. What kind of organization is the WTO?

6. What does the WTO deal with?

7. What is the General Assembly of the WTO?

8. What kind of organizations does the WTO cooperate with?

THE OUTSET OF TOURISM IN RUSSIA

In the 18th century (1777) the first organized group of young men from noble families of Russia made the first trip abroad. They toured around Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France. The purpose of the tour was to get familiar with local universities and art galleries.

In the same 18th century the first guide books for leisure travellers on Moscow and St. Petersburg were published. Those manuals gave details of sights and art collections in the old and the new capital of Russia.

Thomas Cook Company was very well-known in Russia. But the country's first national travel agency emerged in St. Petersburg in 1885. It was founded by L. Lipson. The travel agency got the name of the “Enterprise for Public Travel to All Parts of the World”.

In 1901 the Russian Tourist Society came into being. However, only well-off noble people were its members.

After the October Revolution tourism in Russia involved common people, too. In 1929 the Society of Proletarian Tourism was created.

As a matter of fact, our reputable the «Intourist» Joint-Stock Company, which used to deal with international tourism during the Soviet period, was organized as long ago as in 1929, too.

Comprehension questions

1. When did the first organized group in Russia make the first trip abroad?

2. What kind of group was it?

3. Where did they travel?

4. What was the purpose of their tour?

5. What sort of guide books were published in the 18th century?

6. When did the first national travel agency of Russia emerge? What was its name?

7. When did tourism in Russia start involving common people too?

8. How old is the «Intourist» Joint-Stock Company?

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

adventurer искатель приключений

age период, век, эпоха

to appear появляться

to assist содействовать

available доступный, имеющийся в наличии

capital столица

common простой

to cooperate сотрудничать

crucially решающим образом

desert пустыня

distance расстояние
domestic внутренний

to elect выбирать

to emerge возникать

enterprise предприятие

to expand расширять, расширяться

explorer исследователь

General Assembly Генеральная Ассамблея

General Secretary Генеральный секретарь

to get familiar (got, got) знакомиться

government правительство, правительственный

health resort оздоровительный курорт

inland waterways внутренние водные пути

intergovernmental межправительственный

joint-stock company акционерное общество

journey путешествие

jet, jet plane реактивный самолет

meals питание

noble знатный, титулованный

outset начало, зарождение

overseas trip зарубежная поездка

to own владеть, иметь в собственности

paid holidays оплачиваемый отпуск

purpose цель

races скачки, бега

recreation отдых

reputable признанный

society общество

spa курорт на минеральных водах

to stick to (stuck, stuck) придерживаться чего-либо

supreme body высший орган

to take place (took, taken) иметь место, происходить

to tour совершать путешествие

treatment лечение

the United Nations (UN) Организация Объединенных Наций (ООН)

well-off состоятельный, зажиточный

well-to-do обеспеченный, состоятельный

the World Tourist Organization(WTO)Всемирная туристская организация (ВТО)

VOCABULARY DRILL

I.Match up:

l)art a) waterways

2)spare b) resort

3)inland c) covering

4)weather d) holidays

5)jet e) time

6)health f) gallery

7)paid g) conditions

8)hard h) plane

II.Cross out one odd term in each line:

1) pilgrim, nomad, explorer, adventurer, desert, trader, merchant;

2) motor-car, raft, boat, canoe, steamship, mode, kayak;

3) meals, means, arts, overseas, races, waterways, sports, sales;

4) leisure centre, resort, spa, travel destination, health resort, society, holiday centre;

5) outset, to elect, to tour, to expand, to appear, to emerge.

III.Group the following terms according to the titles in the table (3 terms in each group):

Pilgrim, inn, races, jet, adventurer, health resort, raft, caravansary, recreation, nomad, tavern, steamship.

IV.Match the terms with the definitions:

of residence and roams from place to place

₈)an inn h) a person who travels buying and selling goods

V. Pick out the right definition:

1) an inn a) a place serving alcoholic drinks

b) the name of hotels which are member of a chain

c) the name of all cheap hotels

d) a place serving drinks and offering accommodation for travellers

2) a mode a) a method

b) a model

c) a type

d) a fashion

3) a raft a) a small boat

b) a ferry

c) a flat boat

d) an old steamer

4) a desert a) a sweet dish at the end of a meal

b) a vast dry area

c) an old-style hotel

d) a popular place for holiday-making

5) an outset a) an outlet

b) an exit

c) the beginning

d) the end

6) an overseas trip a) a tour abroad

b) a boating tour

c) a cruising tour

d) a round-the-world tour

7) a resort a) a place of residence

b) a hotel at the seaside

c) a pleasant occupation for spare time

d) a popular place for recreation and treatment

8) a spa a) a sleeping place

b) a place for recreation

c) a water resort

d) a resort on mineral waters

9) well-off a) well-done

b) well-to-do

c) well

d) not welcome

10) an enterprise a) any private or public business company

b) a public business company

c) a private business company

d) a joint-stock company

VI. Fill in the blanks:

explorers camels airplanes

jet planes mode spas

treatment the rich resorts

steamships races development

inland waterways railway overseas trip

1. The WTO assists countries in the................ of their national tourism.

2. The only means of travelling in the early 19th century were trains and………… .

3. Thomas Cook arranged the first trip by............... in 1841.

4. When the first............ appeared, they changed travel crucially.

5. When.......... emerged, they made air travel available to most people.

6. In the first half of the 19th century steamships carried passengers within………

7. Marco Polo, Chistopher Columbus and James Cook were world-famous…………

8. Thomas Cook arranged the first............. in 1855 to Paris.

9. Well-to-do Europeans used to go to health resorts and ......................... of Germany for recreation and…………….

10. The first travellers used simple boats on the water and ....................... in the desert.

11. During the first group tour Thomas Cook provided his tourists with meals on the train and tickets for the…………

12. The 19th century tourism was first and foremost for...................

13. Well-to-do tourists used to travel to the................. in the mountains of Austria and Switzerland.

14. Air travel is the fastest.. ….. of travelling.

GRAMMAR DRILLS

THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
TO BE (сильный)

+ I (he, she, it) was at the resort last summer.
You (we, they) were at the resort last summer.

? Was I (he, she, it) at the resort last summer?

Were you (we, they) at the resort last summer?

- I was not (wasn't) at the resort last summer.

You (we, they) were not (weren У) at the resort last summer.

TO WORK (слабый правильный)

+ I (you, he, she, it, we, they) worked a year ago.
? Did I (you, he, she, it, we, they) work a year ago?

- I (you, he, she, it, we, they) did not (didn 'i) work a year ago.

TO GET (слабый неправильный)

+ I (you, he, she, it, we, they) got a job yesterday.

? Did I (you, he, she, it. we, they) get a job yesterday?

- I (you, he, she, it, we, they) did not (didn У) get a job yesterday.

I. Make up interrogative and negative sentences:
MODELS:

+ He was away on business last week.
? Was he away on business last week?

- He was not away on business last week.

+ He studied tourism last year.
? Did he study tourism last year?

- He did not study tourism last year.

+ He came to the office at 9 o'clock.
? Did he come to the office at 9 o'clock?

- He did not come to the office at 9 o'clock.

1. The travel agent offered a travel insurance.

2. The travellers chose our new tour yesterday.

3. They were happy with the travel arrangements.

4. It was late to change the dates of the tour.

5. Columbus discovered America in the 15th century.

6. Well-to-do Russians travelled to European health resorts in the 19th century.

7. You went to France by train.

.8You took a ferry to reach England.

9. Our tourism manager made a journey to Turkey.

10. He was pleased with the journey by air.

11. He enjoyed the journey by train.

12. The students got familiar with the sights of Greece last August.

13. It was high season when they arrived.

14. The first travellers were merchants and traders.

II.Make up alternative questions:
MODELS:

1) The travellers were pleased with the coach.

Were the travellers pleased with the coach or with the hotel?

2) The travellers took a tour to Athens.

Did the travellers take a tour to Athens or to Rome?

1. They toured around Europe.

2. The first travellers were merchants.

3. Thomas Cook set up the first travel agency.

4. The WTO emerged in 1975.

5. The first travellers used boats.

6. They were familiar with boats.

7. Jet planes emerged in the early 20th century.

8. Thomas Cook was known all over the world.

9. The age of modern trains came in the 19th century.

10. The most famous travellers in the past were explorers.

11. Travelling by car became widespread in the late 19th century.

12. The trains outdid ferries.

III.Make up tail-questions:
MODELS:

1) The first travellers were familiar with boats.

The first travellers were familiar with boats, weren't they?

2) The first travellers were not familiar with planes.

The first travellers were not familiar with planes, were they?

3) Well-to-do travellers had enough money and spare time.
Well-to-do travellers had enough money and spare time,
didn't they?

4) Common people didn't have enough money and spare time.
Common people didn't have enough money and spare time,
did they?¹

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1. Christopher Columbus was one of the best-known explorers.

2. The age of airplanes changed travel crucially.

3. The age of airplanes made travel available to all people.

4. The cost of air transportation didn't make travel available to everybody.

5. Christopher Columbus discovered America.

6. Amerigo Vespucci didn't discover America.

7. Afanassy Nikitin was not known in the West.

8. The first travellers used simple means of travelling.

9. The first travellers didn't travel by air.

10. They were not familiar with air travel.

11. The trains outdid ships.

12. The trains didn't outdo planes.

IV. Make up special questions:
MODELS:

1) The chief animator was on the stage during the whole contest
last night.

Who was on the stage during the whole contest last night?
Where was the chief animator during the contest last night?
When was the chief animator on the stage?

2) The tourists spent their paid holidays at the health resort last
season.

Who spent paid holidays at the health resort last season?
What did the tourists do last season?

What did the tourists spend at the health resort last season?
What kind of holidays did the tourists spend at the health re-
sort last season?

Where did the tourists spend their paid holidays last season?
What kind of resort did the tourists spend their paid holidays at?

When did the tourists spend their paid holidays at the health
resort?

1. Rich noble people were members of the Russian Tourist Society. (Who, What kind of...)

2. The Russian Tourist Society came into being in 1901. (What, When)

3. Thomas Cook Company was well-known in Russia in the 19th century. (What, Where, When)

4. The first Russian guide books gave details of Moscow and St. Petersburg sights. (What, What kind of...)

5. Tourist boom started about 30 or 40 years ago. (What, When, How long ago)

6. Before 1855 Thomas Cook Company dealt with domestic tourism
only. (When, What, What kind of...)

7. Steamships carried passengers on all oceans of the world. (What,
Whom, What kind of...)

8. The WTO emerged in 1975. (What, When)

9. The UN conference on international travel and tourism took place
in Rome in 1963. (What, What kind of..., Where, When)

10. The first motor-cars appeared in the late 19th century. (What, When)

11. Thomas Cook set up the first travel agency in the middle of the 19th century. (Who, What, When)

12. Thomas Cook provided his tourists with meals and tickets for the races during the first group tour. (Who, Whom, What, When)

13. The rich went to German health resorts for treatment and recreation. (Who, Where, Why)

14. In the 19th century tourism was for the rich because they had enough money and spare time. (When, What, Why)

V. Open the brackets:

1. We (to make) a tour of France last year. It (to be) a coaching tour. We (not to stay) in any city for more than one day.

2. Where your customers (to spend) their holidays? - They (to be) in the Caucasus. They (to go) to a spa there.

3. When and where the UN conference on international travel and tourism (to take) place? - It (to take) place in 1963 in the capital of Italy.

4. A month ago our company (to put) a new tour together. We (not to advertise) it in mass media. We (to include) it in our new travellogue.

5. They (to set) up a new tourist company and (to do) market research last year.

6. What kind of inclusive tours your travel agency (to offer) to customers last summer season? - We (to offer) inclusive tours with charter to Turkey.

7. You (to cooperate) with major tour operators a couple of years ago.

8. A week ago I (to be) away on business. I (to visit) our sales outlets in St. Petersburg. There I (to get) familiar with their tourist attractions. Unfortunately, I (not to see) their museums in the suburbs because we (to be) too busy.

8. The first steamships (not to cover) long distances. They (to move) on inland waterways.

10. Your tourism manager (to travel) anywhere last year? - He (not to take) his paid holidays last year. He (to have) a lot of work to do.

VI. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Когда начался туристский бум? - Я думаю, он начался приблизительно 30-40 лет назад.

2. Вчера я прочитал статью о Всемирной туристской организации в журнале. - Когда эта организация возникла? - Если не ошибаюсь, это событие произошло в 1975 году.

3. Где проводили время обеспеченные туристы в прошлом веке? Они вообще ездили за рубеж? - Конечно, ездили. Они отправлялись в поездки во Францию, Германию, Швейцарию и Австрию. - Что они там делали? - Они проводили время на оздоровительных курортах и курортах на минеральных водах. Они ездили туда на отдых и лечение.

4. Томас Кук стал известен в Англии в середине XIX века. – Чем он стал известен? Что он сделал? - Он организовал первую туристскую поездку по железной дороге. Он основал первое в мире турагентство.

5. В начале XIX века туристы пользовались водным и железнодорожным транспортом. -А какими видами транспорта пользовались первые путешественники? - Это были простые лодки и паромы на воде и верблюды в пустыне.

6. Что явилось началом организованного международного туризма в России? - Это было во второй половине XVIII века, когда первая организованная группа молодых людей из титулованных семей совершила турне по Европе. - Что было целью их
поездки? - Они познакомились с художественными галереями, университетами и предприятиями Германии, Италии, Франции и Швейцарии. - В каком году это было? - Это было в 1777 году.

7. Когда был опубликован первый путеводитель по Москве? - Он появился 19 октября 1792 года.

THE PAST HABITUAL TENSE
USED TO

I used to travel a lot.

Раньше я много путешествовал.

Did you use to work in summer?

Ты имел привычку работать летом?

Не didn Ч use to travel abroad.

Он не имел обыкновения путешествовать за рубеж.

I.Translate from English into Russian:

1. Boats and ferries used to be very important for the first travellers.

2. Did boats and ferries use to be the only means of travelling in the past?

3. Well-to-do tourists used to travel to Germany, France, Switzerland and Austria.

4. Common people didn't use to travel abroad at all.

5. Rich travellers used to spend time at famous sea resorts.

6. Did they use to go to health resorts and spas in Germany?

7. How did they use to travel?

8. In the early 19th century tourists used to travel by trains and steamships.

9. Before the 19th century steamships didn't use to carry passengers on all oceans and seas.

10. Did steamships in the first half of the 19th century use to move within inland waterways?

II.Transform the Past Indefinite Tense into the Past Habitual
Tense:

MODEL:

We travelled a lot when we were young. - We used to travel a lot
when we were young.

1. She was a tour guide.

2. She was a free-lancer.

3. She didn't work full-time.

4. She took a lot of tours.

5. Did she travel a lot?

6.1 worked as a travel agent five years ago.

7.1 worked part-time.

8.1 didn't work in low season.

9. My friends didn't work as animators.

10. Did they arrange contests?

11. Did you earn much?

12. Where did you work?

III. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Обеспеченные путешественники имели обыкновение отдыхать на курортах Европы.

2. Что ты и твои однокурсники обычно делали во время каникул? - Мы обычно работали в турагентствах.

3. Раньше я не имел привычку путешествовать на самолете. Я обычно ездил поездом.

4. Каких клиентов вы раньше обслуживали?

5. Какие туры они раньше разрабатывали?

6. Она никогда раньше не делала ошибок.

7. Эта туристская компания раньше рекламировала свои туры по телевидению.

8. Я никогда раньше не работал билетным агентом.

9. Мы не имели привычку ездить на курорты с минеральными водами несколько лет назад.

10. Такие проблемы раньше не возникали.

11. Где раньше проходили собрания сотрудников вашего турагентства? - Наш менеджер имел обыкновение собирать служащих у себя в кабинете.

12. Раньше у него не было привычки ходить на бега, не так ли?