Ventilation

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 425.

Answer the following question and read the text below to check your answer.

READING TASK 1

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ACTIVE VOCABULARY

What are the main approaches to ventilating a house?

Ventilation is the process and practice of keeping an enclosed place supplied with proper air for breathing. People spend about 90% of their time inside, that's why good ventilation is important because it helps protect your health and your home. Ventilation supplies fresh air to your home and dilutes or removes stale air. There are many ways this can happen. For example, opening windows to air out your home can supply fresh outdoor air that dilutes stale indoor air. Turning on the fan over the kitchen range or in the bathroom removes odors and moisture. Other common examples of home ventilation include chimneys, which remove combustion gases, and clothes dryer fans, which exhaust warm, moist air and chemicals from laundry soaps. Conditions such as the sour smell of garbage from a trash; a musty, gym-like smell coming from the bedroom walls; or mold or mildew in closets, or on ceilings or exterior walls; the condensation on the inside of your windows, irritation of your eyes, when you are at home may be signs of poor ventilation. It may be as simple as an overflowing garbage can or as complicated as mold growing inside walls. Whatever the case, you must identify the source before you can solve the problem. One of the easiest ways to improve indoor air quality is to remove or avoid using common sources of moisture, odors, and gases.

There are two basic approaches to ventilating your home: 1) spot ventilation for localized pollution sources; and 2) general ventilation to dilute pollutants from sources that exist in many locations or move from place to place.

Spot ventilation uses exhaust fans to collect and remove pollutants before they spread throughout your home. The exhaust fan is generally turned on only when the source is producing pollutants. Bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms all contain obvious sources of moisture and odors. Spot ventilation may also be appropriate for home offices, hobby rooms, or workshops.

General ventilation fans run all the time to control pollutants from sources that can't be spot-ventilated. For example, people and pets constantly release flakes of skin, bacteria, viruses, moisture, body odors, and digestive gases. Some sources, including carpets, furniture, and drapes, all of which release fabric fibers and gases such as formaldehyde, are too large or spread out to be spot-ventilated. General ventilation mixes fresh outdoor air with stale indoor air to lower the concentration of pollutants (dilution). Fresh air is provided by fans blowing outdoor air into the house, which forces air out through cracks and openings (pressurizing), or by exhausting air from the house, which then draws fresh air inside (depressurizing). General ventilation can be provided in two ways: exhaust-only, and supply-and-exhaust.

With exhaust-only ventilation, exhaust fans pull stale air out of your home while drawing fresh air in through cracks, windows, or fresh air intakes. If you use this strategy, your home will be depressurized. Exhaust-only ventilation is a good choice for homes that do not have existing ductwork to distribute heated or cooled air. However, if there is radon in the soil around the house, this method can increase indoor radon levels.

With supply-and-exhaust ventilation, exhaust fans pull stale air out of the house while intake fans blow in fresh air. This system is more complex than exhaust-only, but may ensure a better flow of fresh air into your home. Outdoor air is drawn in by fans and delivered to rooms through heating and cooling ducts. Supply-and-exhaust ventilation is a good choice for homes with heating or cooling ducts because it's an inexpensive way of providing fresh air. Some homes may benefit from energy-recovery ventilation, which warms (or cools) incoming air with outgoing exhaust air.

Air pressure differences are caused by such things as wind, temperature differences, and fans. For example, air moves into a home on the upwind side and out of a home on the downwind side because of pressure differences; heated air from a boiler or fireplace goes up a chimney because of temperature differences; exhaust fans remove cooking odors by making the pressure in the kitchen lower than the air pressure outside. Air always moves from higher to lower pressure areas.

Understanding how air moves inside your home can help you avoid or fix such ventilation-related problems as excess moisture, backdrafting, and radon. If the pressure inside is higher than outside, your home is under positive pressure, and air moves out of the house. Air moves into, out of, and around the inside of your home because of differences in air pressure. When the pressure inside your home is lower than it is outside, the house is under negative pressure. In this case, outdoor air, including that in the soil, moves into the house. When there is no difference between the indoor and outdoor pressure, the house is under neutral pressure. Air differences also control the way air moves, from room to room inside your home.

Good ventilation can be achieved at a reasonable cost. Depending on your home's design and location and the type of system you select, a ventilation system may cost in the range of $500 to $1,500, including installation. The cost to operate a typical ventilation system will be approximately $100 to $200 per year, depending on your home's location, the type of system used, and how your home was built. With new construction, operating costs can be minimized by building a well-insulated, tightly sealed home with a well-designed ventilation system, high-efficiency furnaces and air conditioners and limiting the amount of outdoor air leaking into homes. Some ventilation systems include energy-recovery features. While more expensive to install, in time they can pay for themselves in energy savings.