Reading
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 406.
Listening
Pre-listening task
1.The words and word combinations in A are in the text you will hear. Use your dictionary if necessary and match each of them with a definition in B.
А В
1. production a) to deal with
2. equipment b) a duty to deal with something
3. entertainment c) to cause somebody/something to take part in or be
4. to involve concerned with something
5. protection d) to make something in large quantities
6. theory e) ability to work well without making mistakes or
7. efficiency wasting time and energy
8. responsibility f) something that is used to interest and amuse people
9. manager g) the act of keeping somebody/something safe so
10. 10. to be concerned with that it is not harmed
h) a man or woman who controls a business
i) an idea that try to explain something
j) the things that are needed to do a particular activity
2. Work in small groups.
Now you are going to hear about some basic concepts of production theory. What do you think it is based on?
Preface each of your suggestion with one of the following according to what is true for you:
I think I know ... I'm not sure ...
I have no idea ... I don 't know ...
Listen to text 1 and answer the questions:
1. What is production?
2. What is production theory based on?
1.Skim through text 24 and think of the suitable title. TEXT 24
A production function is the link between levels of input usage and attainable levels of output. That is, the production function formally describes the relation between physical rates of input usage. With a given state of technology, the attainable quantity of output depends on the quantities of the various inputs employed in production.
A production function is a schedule (or table, or mathematical equation) showing the maximum amount of output that can be produced from any specified set of inputs, given the existing technology or state of the art of production. In short, the production function is a catalogue of output possibilities.
Many different inputs are used in production. So, in the most general case, we can define maximum output, Q to be a function of the level of usage of the various inputs, X. That is,
Q= f(X1,X2, ..., Xn)
But in our discussion we will generally restrict attention to the simpler case of one product being produced using either one input or two inputs. As examples of the two inputs, we will normally use capital and labour. Hence the production function we will usually be concerned with is
Q = f(L, K)
Where L and K represent, respectively, the amounts of labour and capital used in production. However, we must stress that the principles to be developed apply to situations with more than two inputs and, as well, to inputs other than capital and labour.
2. Comprehension check.
Working in pairs, answer the questions:
a) What is a production function?
b) What does the attainable quantity of output depend on?
c) What does the equation Q = f(L, K) mean?
3. Read the text again. Find and write down a word or words in the text that mean the
same as the following definitions. They are in the same order as they appear in the
text.
a) the purpose or special duty of a person or thing;
b) something that you put into something to make it successful;
c) something that can be achieved;
d) the amount, size or number of something compared to something else;
e) a measurement of the speed at which something happens during a particular period;
f) the scientific knowledge or equipment that is needed for a particular industry;
g) a number or an amount of something;
h) a statement that two quantities are equal;
i) the fact that something might exist or happen, but it is not likely to;
j) to put a limit on somebody or something;
k) an amount of money that you use to start a business or to put in a bank so that you
earn money on it; 1) work usually of a hard, physical kind I workers when thought of as a group.
Vocabulary
1. Do you know the meanings of the following words? Try to match up each of them to its Ukrainian equivalent. Use your dictionary if necessary.
| a) to proceed | g) step | m) to save |
| b) definition | h) drill | n) labourer |
| c) to assume | i) hole | o) to weigh |
| d) to assemble | j) to discover | p) unable |
| e) manually | k) to move | q) input |
| f) to perform | 1) ahead | r) output |
а) крок є) відкривати й) ручним способом
б) рухатись, вводити в дію ж) визначення к) нездатний
в) свердло з) важити л) вперед
г) затрати и) зберігати м) припускати
д) продовжувати і) збирати н) виробництво
є) працівник ї) дірка, отвір о) виконувати
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