Machine-building materials
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 521.
Change the words in brackets from Ukrainian into English.
Choose the right variant.
II. Answer the following questions.
I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
1. What do ferrous metals include?
2. What are non-ferrous metals?
3. What are the properties of metals?
4. What must an engineer consider when he designs a steelwork?
5. What is the oldest and best known light metal?
Test yourself:
1. Engineers should know…
a) the best and most economical materials to use.
b) the properties of materials and how they can be worked.
c) the best and most economical materials to use and the properties of materials and how they can be worked.
d) only the properties of materials.
2. Metals are materials most widely used in industry because of…
a) their properties.
b) their quantity.
c) their quality.
d) their hardness.
3. The properties of the metals depend on…
a) the size and shape of grains only.
b) the orientation of grains only.
c) the composition of grains only.
d) the size, shape, orientation, and composition of grains.
4. Metals are subject to…
a) metal fatigue.
b) metal fatigue and to creep.
c) metal creep.
d) neither of proposed variants.
5. Metals can be worked using…
a) lathe, milling machine, shaper and grinder etc.
b) machine-tools.
c) hammers.
d) chisel.
Different metals are widely used in the machine-building industry. Metals applied for industrial purposes are called (1) “³íæåíåðí³ ìåòàëè”. There are two groups of metals: (2) ÷îðí³ and (3) êîëüîðîâ³ metals. Non-ferrous metals are more expensive than ferrous metals. The metals most frequently used to make non-ferrous metal (4) â³äëèâêè are copper, tin, zinc, lead, nickel, gold, and aluminium. Ferrous metals consist of (5) çàë³çî combined with carbon, silicon, phosphorus and other elements. (6) Âóãëåöü is the most important of all elements present in ferrous alloys. Ferrous metals are used in industry in two general forms: (7) ñòàëü and (8) ÷àâóí, which differ in the quantity of carbon content. These two ferrous alloys are derived from (9) ïåðåðîáíèé ÷àâóí which is produced in a (10) äîìåííà ï³÷ in the form of pigs. Metals are usually melted and poured into a form which is called a (11) “(ëèâàðíà) ôîðìà”. This process is known as (12) ëèòâî. The work of casting metals is performed in foundries. Production of castings made from different metals requires different types of melting furnaces. The (13) âàãðàíêà is usually used for melting grey iron. The air cupola and electric furnaces are used to melt the metal for making (14) êîâêèé iron castings. For melting steel the open-hearth, crucible or electric furnaces are used. In melting non-ferrous metals generally crucibles or electric furnaces are used. The fuels mostly employed for melting metals are coke, coal, oil and gas. Besides the different types of furnaces, different kinds of moulding sand are also required for making the moulds for different metals.
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