VII. Complete the sentences.

Date: 2015-10-07; view: 715.

In IMC

1)Crew has to set squawk 7600, maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 7 minutes following the aircraft's failure, to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;

2) In the event of radio communication failure directly after take-off, the pilot-in-command shall carry out approach according to the established pattern and land at the departure aerodrome.

3) If it is impossible to land at the departure aerodrome after take-off (due to meteorological conditions or if the aircraft mass exceeds the landing mass and fuel jettison is impossible etc.), the pilot-in-command has the right:

a) to proceed to the destination aerodrome according to flight plan. Complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation aid or fix; and land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the estimated time of arrival

b) to proceed to the alternate aerodrome at the flight level assigned by the ATS unit or at proximate lower flight level (in accordance with vertical separation rules), but not below minimum safe flight level.

ATC will consider aircraft experiencing communication failure if the expected report is missing within 5 minutes.

Firstly it is necessary to call the aircraft on definite frequencies (on current and previous sector frequencies) and identify whether it is one-way communication failure or two-way communication failure.

If an identified aircraft experiences a radio failure the radar controller shall instruct the aircraft to make a turn(s) or set another transponder code. If movement of the plane or another code indicates that the aircraft receiver is operating the controller shall continue to pass instructions blind or try to resume normal radar service.

After attempts to establish normal two-way radio communication have failed, controllers are to carry out the following standard radio failure procedures:

· Maintain separation between the radio failure aircraft and other known traffic;

· When operating in RVSM airspace, provide a minimum vertical separation of 2000 feet between the radio failure aircraft and any other aircraft;

· Give pertinent information about the movements of the radio failure aircraft to other aircraft in the presumed vicinity;

· Ask aircraft in the presumed vicinity to establish communication with the radio failure aircraft and relay messages;

· Use all means possible to monitor the aircraft's progress;

· Transmit, on the appropriate frequencies: level, route and EAT (or ETA) to which the radio failure aircraft is assumed to be adhering; the weather conditions at the destination aerodrome, a suitable alternate and, if practicable, in areas suitable for a descent through cloud.

· When, in consultation with the operator, instructions to divert have been transmitted to the radio failure aircraft, inform the alternate aerodrome and request that they attempt to establish communication;

· During flight without radio communication at night, the crew shall, if possible, indicate aircraft position by periodical switching on of onboard landing lights or by onboard lights flashing.

· In order to avoid miscommunication both pilots and controllers have to

· Pronounce each word clearly and distinctly

· Maintain an even rate of speech (not exceeding — typically — 100 words per minute)

· Make a slight pause preceding and following numerals; this makes them easier to understand

· Maintain the speaking volume at a constant level

· Be familiar with microphone-operating techniques (particularly in maintaining a constant distance from the microphone )

· Usage of standard phraseology (nonstandard phraseology or the omission of key words may change completely the meaning of the intended message, resulting in potential conflicts)

The most significant example is the North American phrase “Taxi into position and hold.” It has the same meaning as the ICAO phrase “Line up and wait,” whereas the ICAO phrase “Taxi to holding position” is a clearance to taxi to and hold at a point clear of the runway. Always read back the necessary clearances:

√ ATC route clearances

√ Clearances and instructions to enter, land, take off, hold short of, cross or backtrack on RW

√ Runway in use

√ Altimeter setting

√ ATC transponder code

√ Altitude or flight level instructions

√ Heading and speed instructions

√ Transition levels

Miscommunication can cause RW incursion.

Runway incursion is called "Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft".

We can speak about typical scenarios of RW incursion

· Controller related situation: not having visual contact with the aircraft due to poor visibility controller instructs one plane to clear the RW but pilots misunderstand the instruction or appear on the RW by mistake and without checking their position ATC clears another aircraft for take off.

1. Communication failure is considered…………….

2. Communication problems may be caused by….

3. Multiple communication is………

4. By cultural differences we mean………

5. Code switching is…………………

6. Overanticipation is………………..

7. By personal friction we mean………………….

8. Weather conditions that can cause communication problems are…………

9. It's possible to define the way of communication failure…..

10. In case of one-way communication failure……

11. In case of two-way communication failure……..

12. In IMC pilots will…………

13. In VMC pilots will…………

14. A controller has to……….

15. It's possible to avoid miscommunication…………

16. RW incursion ………………………………….

17. There typical scenarios for RW incursions……………..